Baseline characteristics of participants. Values are mean (SD) unless otherwise specified.
| Characteristics | Total Hip Arthroplasty for OA | No Total Hip Arthroplasty for OA | p* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Men | |||
| Number | 524 | 15,130 | |
| Age at MCCS baseline, yrs | 57.8 (7.8) | 55.2 (8.8) | < 0.0001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.7 (3.7) | 27.1 (3.6) | 0.0002 |
| Country of birth, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| Australia/UK | 448 (85.5) | 11,096 (73.3) | |
| Italy/Greece | 76 (14.5) | 4034 (26.7) | |
| Education, n (%) | 0.42 | ||
| Primary and some secondary | 247 (47.2) | 7391 (49.0) | |
| Completed secondary and degree/diploma | 276 (52.8) | 7690 (51.0) | |
| Smoking, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| Non-smoker | 233 (44.5) | 6330 (41.9) | |
| Ex-smoker | 253 (48.3) | 6615 (43.7) | |
| Current smoker | 38 (7.2) | 2179 (14.4) | |
| Vigorous physical activity, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| None | 361 (68.9) | 11,551 (76.4) | |
| 1–2×/week | 73 (13.9) | 1544 (10.2) | |
| ≥ 3×/week | 90 (17.2) | 2030 (13.4) | |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 18 (3.4) | 638 (4.2) | 0.38 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 112 (21.4) | 3018 (20.0) | 0.42 |
| Energy from diet, kJ/day | 10,568.5 (3996.4) | 10,362.0 (3842.8) | 0.23 |
| Calcium supplement, n (%) | 19 (3.6) | 405 (2.7) | 0.19 |
| Dairy product intake, times/week | 36.9 (22.0) | 32.4 (20.2) | < 0.0001 |
| Dietary calcium, mg/day | 914.1 (437.3) | 871.5 (407.7) | 0.02 |
| Women | |||
| Number | 981 | 22,289 | |
| Age at MCCS baseline, yrs | 57.5 (7.6) | 54.6 (8.6) | < 0.0001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.0 (4.8) | 26.7 (4.9) | 0.03 |
| Country of birth, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| Australia/UK | 865 (88.2) | 17,158 (77.0) | |
| Italy/Greece | 116 (11.8) | 5131 (23.0) | |
| Education, n (%) | 0.03 | ||
| Primary and some secondary | 579 (59.2) | 13,850 (62.7) | |
| Completed secondary and degree/diploma | 399 (40.8) | 8244 (37.3) | |
| Smoking, n (%) | 0.09 | ||
| Non-smoker | 658 (67.1) | 15,435 (69.3) | |
| Ex-smoker | 242 (24.7) | 4855 (21.8) | |
| Current smoker | 80 (8.2) | 1996 (8.9) | |
| Vigorous physical activity, n (%) | 0.01 | ||
| None at all | 750 (76.5) | 17,910 (80.4) | |
| 1–2×/week | 132 (13.5) | 2666 (11.9) | |
| ≥ 3×/week | 98 (10.0) | 1709 (7.7) | |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 11 (1.1) | 669 (3.0) | 0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 244 (24.9) | 4886 (21.9) | 0.03 |
| Energy from diet, kJ/day | 8596.0 (3029.1) | 8541.7 (3419.0) | 0.63 |
| Calcium supplement, n (%) | 177 (18.1) | 3547 (15.9) | 0.07 |
| Dairy product intake, times/week | 36.7 (20.3) | 35.4 (20.5) | 0.05 |
| Dietary calcium, mg/day | 884.6 (412.3) | 857.7 (422.5) | 0.05 |
↵* For difference between those with and without total hip arthroplasty for OA, independent samples Student t test or chi-square test were used where appropriate. OA: osteoarthritis; MCCS: Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study; BMI: body mass index.