Study participants’ characteristics: case-crossover analysis. All covariates are measured prior to the index date. Values are n (%) or mean ± SD unless otherwise specified.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Subjects, n | 270 |
| Age, yrs | 73.5 ± 7.4 |
| Female | 151 (55.9) |
| BMI, continuous | 26.6 ± 4.8 |
| BMI, categorical | |
| Underweight | 12 (4.4) |
| Normal | 65 (24.1) |
| Overweight | 96 (35.6) |
| Obese | 46 (17.0) |
| Missing | 51 (18.9) |
| Smoking | |
| Non-smoker | 102 (37.8) |
| Ex-smoker | 105 (38.9) |
| Current smoker | 56 (20.7) |
| Missing | 7 (2.6) |
| Alcohol | |
| Non-drinker | 68 (25.2) |
| Ex-drinker | 11 (4.1) |
| Current drinker | 168 (62.2) |
| Missing | 23 (8.5) |
| Diabetes | 45 (16.7) |
| Dyslipidemia | 31 (11.5) |
| Hypertension | 145 (53.7) |
| Antihypertensives | 179 (66.3) |
| Antiaggregants/anticoagulants | 26 (9.6) |
| Glucocorticoids | 133 (49.3) |
| Lipid-lowering drugs | 68 (25.2) |
| Nitrates | 19 (7.0) |
| NSAID | 151 (55.9) |
| GP visits | 11 ± 17 |
| Hospital visits | 1 ± 1 |
BMI: body mass index (underweight ≤ 18.5, normal weight = 18.5–24.9, overweight = 25–29.9, obese = BMI of 30 or greater); NSAID: nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs; GP: general practitioner.