Cross-sectional association of log-transformed biomarkers with subgroups using multinomial logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index.
| Biomarker | Overall p value | Effect* | ROA vs NCP, OR (95% CI) | p | PRCP vs NCP, OR (95% CI) | p | ROA vs PRCP, OR (95% CI) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IB-C2C-HUSA | < 0.001 | 0.55 | 2.90 (1.64–5.13) | < 0.001 | 1.55 (0.95–2.50) | 0.077 | 1.88 (1.27–2.77) | 0.002 |
| sC2C | 0.052 | 0.35 | 1.06 (0.67–1.67) | 0.809 | 0.74 (0.48–1.13) | 0.160 | 1.44 (1.06–1.97) | 0.022 |
| uC2C | 0.293 | 0.62 | 1.24 (0.82–1.86) | 0.308 | 1.35 (0.93–1.97) | 0.119 | 0.92 (0.68–1.23) | 0.561 |
↵* Effect is equivalent to 1 SD of the explanatory variable. NCP: no cartilage pathology; PRCP: preradiographic cartilage pathology; ROA: radiographic osteoarthritis; IB-C2C-HUSA: C2C human urine sandwich assay; sC2C: serum C2C assay; uC2C: urine C2C assay.