Table 2.

Relationship between antioxidant vitamin intake and prevalence of femoral head cartilage defects and bone marrow lesions. Values are OR (95% CI) unless otherwise specified.

Variables	Univariate Analysis	p	Multivariate Analysis^*	p
Cartilage defects
Vitamin C	0.78 (0.57–1.08)	0.14	0.88 (0.60–1.30)	0.52
Vitamin E	0.74 (0.54–1.01)	0.06	0.63 (0.41–0.96)	0.03
α-carotene	0.76 (0.52–1.12)	0.17	0.81 (0.54–1.21)	0.30
β-carotene	0.60 (0.37–0.97)	0.04	0.65 (0.39–1.07)	0.09
β-cryptoxanthin	0.89 (0.66–1.21)	0.47	1.01 (0.72–1.42)	0.94
Lutein/zeaxanthin	0.54 (0.33–0.89)	0.02	0.58 (0.34–0.99)	0.04
Lycopene	0.65 (0.46–0.93)	0.02	0.64 (0.44–0.95)	0.03
Bone marrow lesions
Vitamin C	0.80 (0.50–1.27)	0.35	0.74 (0.42–1.31)	0.31
Vitamin E	0.83 (0.54–1.28)	0.40	0.65 (0.37–1.16)	0.15
α-carotene	0.52 (0.26–1.04)	0.07	0.42 (0.19–0.94)	0.04
β-carotene	0.42 (0.19–0.92)	0.03	0.31 (0.13–0.78)	0.01
β-cryptoxanthin	1.00 (0.67–1.51)	0.99	1.07 (0.68–1.67)	0.78
Lutein/zeaxanthin	0.50 (0.24–1.05)	0.07	0.42 (0.18–0.98)	0.04
Lycopene	0.98 (0.65–1.49)	0.93	1.07 (0.69–1.67)	0.77

↵* OR of femoral head cartilage defects or bone marrow lesions being present per SD increase in vitamin intake adjusted for energy intake, age, sex, body mass index, and vigorous physical activity.