Crude Cox proportional hazards regression of possible predictors of CVD events. The HR with 95% CI for each potential predictor variable are estimated from a proportional hazards model including only that variable in the model.
| Variables | HR (95% CI) | p |
|---|---|---|
| Vascular biomarkers | ||
| aPWV, per m/s | 1.85 (1.33–2.57) | < 0.001 |
| AIx, per % | 1.05 (0.98–1.13) | 0.19 |
| cIMT, per 0.1 mm | 1.65 (1.27–2.13) | < 0.001 |
| CP | — | NR |
| Demographic variables | ||
| Female vs male | 0.30 (0.09–1.03) | 0.06 |
| Age, per yr | 1.10 (1.02–1.18) | 0.01 |
| BMI, per kg/m2 | 1.08 (0.97–1.19) | 0.15 |
| Traditional CVD risk factors | ||
| Total cholesterol, per mmol/l | 1.51 (0.91–2.48) | 0.11 |
| LDL-C, per mmol/l | 1.23 (0.67–2.27) | 0.50 |
| HDL-C, per mmol/l | 1.22 (0.39–3.81) | 0.73 |
| Triglycerides, per mmol/l | 1.04 (0.27–3.96) | 0.95 |
| SysBP, per mmHg | 1.02 (0.99–1.05) | 0.11 |
| DiaBP, per mmHg | 1.03 (0.97–1.10) | 0.36 |
| Smoking, daily vs non-smoke | 2.20 (0.27–17.6) | 0.46 |
| Smoking, ever vs never | 1.87 (0.39–9.02) | 0.43 |
| Comorbidities, yes vs no | ||
| Hypertension | 3.47 (0.74–16.34) | 0.12 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.00 (1.13–7.93) | 0.99 |
| Previous CVD | 0.71 (0.09–5.63) | 0.75 |
| RA disease variables | ||
| Disease duration, per yr | 0.99 (0.74–1.34) | 0.97 |
| CRP, per mg/dl | 1.11 (0.64–1.92) | 0.72 |
| ESR, per mm/h | 1.03 (0.99–1.07) | 0.21 |
| DAS28-ESR, per unit | 0.68 (0.34–1.36) | 0.27 |
| Medication | ||
| Anti-HT, non-user vs user | 0.82 (0.23–2.92) | 0.76 |
| Statins, non-user vs user | 0.20 (0.06–0.69) | 0.01 |
| bDMARD, non-user vs user | 0.63 (0.16–2.43) | 0.50 |
| sDMARD, non-user vs user | 0.20 (0.03–1.57) | 0.13 |
| sDMARD only, non-user vs user | 0.50 (0.14–1.78) | 0.29 |
| Corticosteroids, non-user vs user | 0.17 (0.04–0.67) | 0.01 |
| NSAID, non-user vs user | 1.05 (0.27–4.06) | 0.95 |
CVD: cardiovascular disease; aPWV: aortic pulse wave velocity; AIx: augmentation index; cIMT: carotid intima-media thickness; CP: carotid plaques; BMI: body mass index; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; sysBP: systolic blood pressure; diaBP: diastolic blood pressure; RA: rheumatoid arthritis; CRP: C-reactive protein; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; DAS28: Disease Activity Score in 28 joints; anti-HT: antihypertensive medication; DMARD: disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs; bDMARD: biologic DMARD; sDMARD: synthetic DMARD; NSAID: nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs; NR: not reported, not estimable because all events occurred in 1 group.