Baseline demographic and disease-related information assessed according to working or disability status. Values are n (%) or mean ± SD unless otherwise specified.
| Variable | Total, n = 248 | Employed, n = 90 | Unemployed, n = 81 | Disabled, n = 77 | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yrs | 47.9 ± 10.3 | 45.9 ± 9.8 | 49.0 ± 12.7 | 49.1 ± 7.7* | 0.066 |
| Sex | 0.576 | ||||
| Female | 226 (91) | 80 (89) | 74 (91) | 72 (94) | |
| Male | 22 (9) | 10 (11) | 7 (9) | 5 (7) | |
| Marital status | 0.493 | ||||
| Single | 54 (22) | 23 (26) | 13 (17) | 18 (24) | |
| Married | 153 (63) | 58 (64) | 50 (64) | 45 (59) | |
| Divorced | 28 (12) | 6 (7) | 11 (14) | 11 (15) | |
| Widowed | 9 (4) | 3 (3) | 4 (5) | 2 (3) | |
| Prior/current occupation | 0.005 | ||||
| Manual | 9 (6) | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | 8 (15)* | |
| Service | 40 (26) | 14 (19) | 10 (39) | 16 (29)* | |
| Education/health/office | 61 (39) | 37 (49) | 9 (35) | 15 (27)* | |
| Professional | 42 (27) | 21 (28) | 5 (19) | 16 (29)* | |
| Student | 4 (3) | 3 (4) | 1 (4) | 0 (0)* | |
| Cigarette use | 56 (23) | 14 (16) | 16 (20) | 26 (34)* | 0.015 |
| Medication count | 2.2 ± 1.5 | 1.7 ± 1.3 | 2.4 ± 1.5* | 2.7 ± 1.5* | < 0.001 |
| Opioid use | 62 (25) | 10 (11) | 27 (33)* | 25 (33)* | 0.001 |
| Antidepressant use | 139 (56) | 40 (44) | 52 (64)* | 47 (61)* | 0.019 |
| Tranquilizer use | 62 (25) | 12 (13) | 19 (24) | 31 (40)* | < 0.001 |
| Cannabinoid use | 23 (9) | 4 (4) | 9 (11) | 10 (13)* | 0.130 |
| Alcohol abuse | 11 (4) | 2 (2) | 4 (5) | 5 (7) | 0.395 |
| Drug abuse | 11 (4) | 3 (3) | 4 (5) | 4 (5) | 0.814 |
| Exercise activity | 75 (30) | 37 (41) | 21 (26)* | 17 (22)* | 0.017 |
| Pain duration, yrs | 10.8 ± 9.8 | 11.9 ± 10.8 | 11.1 ± 10.2 | 9.3 ± 7.9 | 0.229 |
| Pain VAS | 6.5 ± 2.3 | 5.5 ± 2.3 | 6.9 ± 2.1* | 7.3 ± 2.0* | < 0.001 |
| PtGA | 6.6 ± 2.2 | 5.6 ± 2.2 | 7.1 ± 1.9* | 7.2 ± 2.2* | < 0.001 |
| MPQ | 40.8 ± 15.3 | 36.7 ± 13.7 | 40.7 ± 14.7 | 45.8 ± 16.2* | 0.001 |
| PDI | 37.7 ± 14.5 | 31.1 ± 13.4 | 39.3 ± 13.7* | 43.6 ± 13.5* | < 0.001 |
| PCS | 29.4 ± 12.2 | 26.7 ± 11.4 | 29.9 ± 11.5 | 32.1 ± 13.3* | 0.016 |
| FIQ | 67.0 ± 16.8 | 59.7 ± 15.0 | 69.1 ± 17.6* | 73.7 ± 14.9* | < 0.001 |
| HAQ | 1.13 ± 0.66 | 0.86 ± 0.68 | 1.15 ± 0.56* | 1.41 ± 0.60* | < 0.001 |
| AIMS anxiety | 6.3 ± 1.8 | 6.2 ± 2.0 | 6.4 ± 1.5 | 6.5 ± 1.9 | 0.564 |
| AIMS depression | 4.9 ± 1.8 | 4.8 ± 1.9 | 4.7 ± 1.8 | 5.3 ± 1.8 | 0.131 |
↵* P < 0.05 when compared with employed patients. VAS: visual analog scale; PtGA: patient’s global assessment; MPQ: McGill Pain Questionnaire; PDI: Pain Disability Index; PCS: Pain Catastrophizing Scale; FIQ: Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire; HAQ: Health Assessment Questionnaire; AIMS: Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale.