Variable | Adjusted* HR (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|
Ontario | Quebec | |
Time-dependent variables | ||
Main exposures, cumulative use in the first yr, mos** | ||
Methotrexate | 0.97 (0.96–0.98) | 0.96 (0.94–0.98) |
Other DMARD | 0.98 (0.97–1.00) | 0.99 (0.97–1.00) |
Other exposures, cumulative use over followup, yrs*** | ||
Glucocorticosteroids | 1.02 (0.99–1.06) | 0.97 (0.89–1.05) |
NSAID | 1.20 (1.16–1.24) | 1.33 (1.18–1.49) |
COXIB | 1.11 (1.06–1.16) | 1.22 (1.10–1.35) |
Anti-TNF | 2.50 (0.72–8.65) | 1.13 (0.91–1.39) |
Other biologics | 1.01 (0.95–1.07) | 0.17 (0.00–36.07) |
Extraarticular RA† | 0.93 (0.85–1.02) | 1.14 (0.93–1.39) |
Rheumatology visits over followup†† | 1.10 (1.05–1.16) | 1.22 (1.07–1.39) |
Time-independent baseline variables | ||
Age | 1.36 (1.14–1.63) | 2.02 (1.26–3.25) |
Sex, reference: male | 0.81 (0.73–0.89) | 0.76 (0.61–0.94) |
Rheumatology visits in 1 yr prior†† | 0.97 (0.90–1.06) | 1.22 (1.07–1.39) |
High healthcare use at baseline‡, reference: low | 1.14 (1.02–1.27) | 0.96 (0.76–1.21) |
Prior joint replacement | 1.87 (1.67–2.10) | 2.48 (1.83–3.35) |
Baseline comorbidities | ||
Acute myocardial infarction | 1.17 (0.90–1.53) | 0.79 (0.40–1.55) |
Diabetes | 0.86 (0.76–0.96) | 0.91 (0.67–1.23) |
Osteoporosis | 0.92 (0.79–1.07) | 0.79 (0.61–1.02) |
Cerebrovascular disease | 1.06 (0.69–1.64) | 1.38 (0.43–4.41) |
Acute renal failure | 0.96 (0.65–1.42) | 0.86 (0.45–1.63) |
Chronic renal failure | 0.92 (0.65–1.29) | 2.11 (1.13–3.95) |
Coronary artery disease | 0.89 (0.79–1.02) | 1.14 (0.89–1.46) |
COPD/asthma | 0.96 (0.87–1.06) | 0.91 (0.71–1.16) |
Cancer | 1.12 (1.00–1.26) | 1.07 (0.74–1.54) |
Osteoarthritis | 1.49 (1.36–1.64) | 1.97 (1.61–2.41) |
Drug use 1 yr prior to cohort entry‡‡, reference: non-use | ||
Methotrexate | 1.17 (0.99–1.39) | 1.18 (0.82–1.71) |
Other DMARD | 0.97 (0.84–1.13) | 0.99 (0.73–1.34) |
Glucocorticosteroids | 1.12 (1.01–1.23) | 1.18 (0.95–1.45) |
Anti-TNF | 0.49 (0.13–1.90) | 1.20 (0.32–4.49) |
NSAID | 1.03 (0.95–1.13) | 0.78 (0.63–0.96) |
COXIB | 1.08 (0.98–1.19) | 0.87 (0.71–1.07) |
↵* Adjusted for all covariates including socioeconomic status (defined by census data), age (squared), patient residence, and Charlson index.
↵** HR expressed as per month of additional use.
↵*** HR expressed as per year of additional use.
↵† Extraarticular RA manifestations.
↵†† Log-transformed.
↵‡ Binary indicator reflecting at least 20 outpatient physician visits in at least 1 year of the 3 years before baseline.
↵‡‡ Binary indicator reflecting use during the 1-year prior to cohort entry. DMARD: disease-modifying antirheumatic drug; NSAID: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; COXIB: cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor; anti-TNF: anti-tumor necrosis factor; RA: rheumatoid arthritis; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.