Baseline characteristics.
| Studies | n | Population, Country | Age, Yrs, Mean (SD) | Disease Duration, Yrs, Mean (SD) | Followup | Design | Medications | Quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Borah, et al11 | 2537* | Medical database, USA | 49.18 (13.25)& | NS | NA | Retrospective | ADA, ETN | High |
| Cannon, et al12 | 455 | VARA registry Veterans cohort, USA | 64 (11)^^^ | 9.4 (10.3) | NA | Retrospective | MTX | High |
| Li, et al13 | 2638 | Non-institutionalized Medicaid patients, USA | 54.9 (16.6)& | NS | NA | Retrospective | ANA, ETN, IFX | High |
| Harley, et al14 | 2662 | Medicare or commercial enrollees, USA | 47.4 (12.6)& | NS | NA | Retrospective | MTX, ETN, IFX | High |
| Contreras-Yanez, et al15 | 93 | Early RA, Mexico | 40.8 (13.9) | Early | 6 mos | Prospective | DMARD@ | Low |
| Salt and Frazier16 | 108 | University clinic, USA | 52 (13) | 9.7 (9.8) | NA | Cross | Oral DMARD, biologics, steroids@ | Low |
| van den Bemt, et al2 | 228 | Outpatients, Netherlands | 56.2 (12.2) | 4.6 (3.3) | NA | Cross | DMARD | High |
| Neame and Hammond17 | 331 | Outpatients, UK | NS## | NS | NA | Cross | NS@ | Low |
| Treharne, et al18 | 85 | Outpatients, UK | 58.8 (12.64) | 10.29 (9.93) | NA | Cross | DMARD, NSAID, steroid@ | Low |
| Tuncay, et al19 | 86 | Outpatients, Turkey | 49.3 (± 11.8) | 9.2 (± 7.1) | 12 mos | Prospective | NSAID, CS, DMARD | Low |
| Owen, et al20 | 178 | Community-based population, Australia | 60 (51.8–70)### | NS | NA | Cross | NSAID, CS, SAARD | Low |
| Lee and Tan21 | 108 | Hospital outpatient clinic, New Zealand | NS | 9.6 (8.5)$ | NA | Cross | Antirheumatic tablets | Low |
| Lorish, et al22 | 200 | Outpatients, USA | 51 (27) | 9.5 (6.2) | NA | Cross | Arthritis medications | Low |
| Viller, et al23 | 556 | Early disease, France, Norway, Netherlands | NS | 2.1 (1.4) | 36 mos | Prospective | Steroids, NSAID | Low |
| Pullar, et al24 | 26 | Active RA, UK | 59 (26–73)*** | NS | NA | Cross | D-Pen | Low |
| Brus, et al25 | 33 | Outpatient, Netherlands | 58.7 (9.2), in the control | Diagnosis ≤ 3 yrs | 6 mos | RCT prospective | SSZ | Low |
| Park, et al**26 | 121 | Community dwelling, USA | Range 34–84 (Mean NS) | 3.8 | 1 mos | Prospective | Arthritis medications, other** | High |
| Hill, et al27 | 49 | Outpatient clinic, UK | 62$$$ | 12 (0.33–45)$$$ | 6 mos | RCT | D-Pen | Low |
| Tkacz, et al28 | 3892, 2099 for ETN | Database of insured individuals, USA | 51.1 | NS | NA | Retrospective | ADA, ETN, golimumab | High |
| Jinnett and Parry29 | 695!!!! | Research database, USA | 52.3 (9.5)*** | NS | NA | Retrospective | Oral DMARD, Biologics | Low |
| Esposti, et al30 | 438 | Administrative database, Italy | NS | NS | NA | Retrospective | ADA, ETN, IFX | Low |
| Bluett, et al31 | 286 | Outpatient clinic, UK | 58 (50.2–64.5)**** | 7 (3–15)**** | 6 mos | Prospective | ETN, ADA, certolizumab, golimumab | Low |
| Waimann, et al 32 | 111 | Outpatient clinic, USA | 107 | 8 (6) | 2 yrs | Prospective | MTX, LEF, HCQ, SSZ, prednisone | Low |
| van den Bemt, et al33 | 50 | Outpatient clinic, Netherlands | 55.2 (12.4) | 4.6 (3.5) | NS | Prospective interventional | Oral DMARD | Low |
| Grijalva, et al34 | 6018 | TennCare database, USA | NS | NS | NA | Retrospective | DMARD | High |
| Grijalva, et al35 | 14,586 | TennCare database, USA | 55 (45–64)*** | NS | NA | Retrospective | DMARD, CS | Low |
| De Klerk, et al36 | 81 | Outpatient clinic, Netherlands | 60 (14) | NS | NA | Cohort study | NSAID, SSZ, MTX | High |
| Curkendall, et al37 | 2285 | MEDSTAT database, USA | 54 (± 12) | NS | NA | Retrospective | ETN, ADA | High |
| Doyle, et al8 | 59 | Outpatient clinic, UK | 62.1 (37–80)&&& | NS | NA | Cross | D-Pen | Low |
| de Thurah, et al9 | 85 | National database, Denmark | 63 (32–80)*** | NS | 9 mos | Prospective | MTX | High |
| Beck, et al10 | 63 | Outpatient clinic, USA | Mean 57 | Mean 10.4 | 68 days | Prospective | Salicylate | Low |
↵* N for ETN was 2537, total n was 3829.
↵** Separate analysis showed no difference across type of medications.
↵@ Did not specify which medications in the Q.
↵$ 9.6 (8.5) for compliant patients, 9.9 (9.9) for noncompliant.
↵^^^ 64 (11) for adherent patients, 62 (12) for nonadherent.
↵& For ETN.
↵## 49.5% were over 65 years.
↵### 60 (51.8–70) for compliant, 65 (55.8–70.3) for noncompliant patients, median (interquartile range).
↵$$$ Median for control group.
↵*** Median (range).
↵**** Median (interquartile range).
↵&&& Mean (range).
↵!!!! N = 447 for the first year. RA: rheumatoid arthritis; NS: not stated; NA: not applicable; RCT: randomized controlled trials; ADA: adalimumab; ETN: etanercept; MTX: methotrexate; ANA: anakinra; IFX: infliximab; DMARD: disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs; NSAID: nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs; CS: corticosteroids; SAARD: slow-acting antirheumatic drugs; D-Pen: D-penicillamine; SSZ: sulfasalazine; LEF: leflunomide; HCQ: hydroxychloroquine; cross: cross-sectional.