Variable | AVN, n = 37 | Controls, n = 111 | p† |
---|---|---|---|
Clinical features, ever* | |||
CNS | 16 (43) | 21 (19) | 0.003 |
Nephritis | 25 (68) | 36 (32) | < 0.001 |
Proliferative nephritis, Class III, IV, III/V, or IV/V | 21 (57) | 28 (25) | < 0.001 |
Raynaud | 11 (30) | 27 (24) | 0.52 |
Laboratory features, ever* | |||
Lupus anticoagulant | 5 (14) | 16 (14) | 1.00 |
Anticardiolipin antibodies | 16 (43) | 49 (44) | 0.92 |
Coombs’ positive hemolytic anemia | 10 (27) | 33 (30) | 0.76 |
Adjusted mean SLEDAI** | 6140 ± 5868 | 4679 ± 4516 | 0.12 |
Max daily PRED dose***, mg/kg | 1.25 ± 0.36 | 0.71 ± 0.53 | < 0.001 |
PRED dose at AVN diagnosis, mg/kg | 0.30 ± 0.25 | 0.19 ± 0.24 | 0.01 |
Cumulative PRED dose, mg/kg | 364 ± 53 | 232 ± 36 | < 0.001 |
Cumulative dose over 3 mos | 69 ± 42 | 40 ± 42 | < 0.001 |
Cumulative dose over 6 mos | 116 ± 62 | 71 ± 68 | < 0.001 |
Antimalarial‡ | 29 (78) | 83 (75) | 0.66 |
Immunosuppressives‡ | 33 (89) | 46 (41) | < 0.001 |
↵† P value significant if < 0.0033 (Bonferroni correction).
↵* All clinical and laboratory characteristics were present prior to AVN diagnosis or matched disease duration for controls.
↵** Adjusted mean SLEDAI (AMS) from diagnosis of cSLE to AVN diagnosis or matched disease duration for controls.
↵*** Corticosteroid therapy analysis includes 36 AVN and 108 matched controls. Data for 1 patient with AVN was unavailable between cSLE and AVN diagnosis.
↵‡ Antimalarial drugs: hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine; immunosuppressives: cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, or mycophenolate mofetil. AVN: avascular necrosis; CNS: central nervous system; SLEDAI: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index; PRED: prednisone; cSLE: childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus.