Associations between any or specific CV and measures of health burden (fair to poor self-rated health, psychological distress, pain restricting work) among working-age respondents with musculoskeletal conditions.
| Variables | OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Crude | Model 1* | Model 2* | |
| Fair/poor self-rated health | |||
| Any CV | 3.8 (3.1–4.7) | 3.4 (2.7–4.2) | 2.5 (2.0–3.1) |
| Hearing impairment | 1.5 (1.2–1.8) | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | 1.4 (1.1–1.7) |
| Vision impairment | 2.6 (1.9–3.5) | 2.5 (1.8–3.4) | 2.2 (1.5–3.3) |
| Speech impairment | 0.8 (0.2–3.5) | 0.9 (0.2–3.6) | 0.7 (0.1–3.0) |
| Cognitive disability | 5.2 (3.8–7.1) | 5.5 (4.0–7.4) | 4.2 (3.1–5.7) |
| Low educational attainment | 2.2 (1.8–2.7) | 2.0 (1.6–2.5) | 1.6 (1.3–2.0) |
| Country of birth (ESL) | 1.7 (1.2–2.2) | 1.6 (1.2–2.1) | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) |
| Recent migrant, 0–10 yrs | 1.0 (0.5–1.9) | 1.1 (0.6–2.1) | 0.7 (0.4–1.5) |
| Medium-term migrant, 10–20 yrs | 2.5 (1.5–4.0) | 2.4 (1.5–3.8) | 2.0 (1.2–3.4) |
| Longstanding migrant, 20+ yrs | 1.7 (1.1–2.4) | 1.5 (1.0–2.2) | 1.3 (0.9–2.0) |
| Psychological distress | |||
| Any CV | 2.7 (2.1–3.3) | 2.9 (2.3–3.7) | 2.3 (1.8–3.0) |
| Hearing impairment | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) |
| Vision impairment | 1.4 (1.0–2.1) | 1.5 (1.0–2.2) | 1.4 (1.0–2.0) |
| Speech impairment | 0.7 (0.2–3.6) | 0.7 (0.1–3.5) | 0.5 (0.1–2.8) |
| Cognitive disability | 13.1 (10.2–16.9) | 13.1 (10.1–17.1) | 11.5 (8.6–15.4) |
| Low educational attainment | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 1.5 (1.2–1.9) | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) |
| Country of birth (ESL) | 1.6 (1.2–2.2) | 1.7 (1.2–2.3) | 1.5 (1.1–2.0) |
| Recent migrant, 0–10 yrs | 1.3 (0.6–2.5) | 1.1 (0.6–2.2) | 0.9 (0.4–1.8) |
| Medium-term migrant, 10–20 yrs | 1.4 (0.8–2.6) | 1.4 (0.8–2.6) | 1.2 (0.7–2.3) |
| Longstanding migrant, 20+ yrs | 1.9 (1.3–2.7) | 2.2 (1.5–3.1) | 2.0 (1.4–2.8) |
| Pain restricting work | |||
| Any CV | 1.8 (1.4–2.2) | 1.7 (1.4–2.1) | 1.4 (1.2–1.8) |
| Hearing impairment | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) |
| Vision impairment | 1.6 (1.2–2.0) | 1.5 (1.2–2.0) | 1.4 (1.0–1.9) |
| Speech impairment | 2.4 (0.6–9.7) | 2.4 (0.6–9.9) | 1.9 (0.4–8.3) |
| Cognitive disability | 3.1 (2.6–3.8) | 3.1 (2.5–3.8) | 2.5 (2.0–3.1) |
| Low educational attainment | 1.5 (1.3–1.8) | 1.5 (1.3–1.8) | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) |
| Country of birth (ESL) | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 1.1 (0.9–1.5) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) |
| Recent migrant, 0–10 yrs | 1.3 (0.9–1.9) | 1.3 (0.8–1.9) | 1.0 (0.7–1.6) |
| Medium-term migrant, 10–20 yrs | 1.0 (0.7–1.6) | 1.0 (0.7–1.6) | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) |
| Longstanding migrant, 20+ yrs | 1.1 (0.8–1.7) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) |
↵* Multiple logistic regression: Model 1: associations are adjusted for age and sex. Model 2: associations are adjusted for age, sex, income, and occupation. CV: communication vulnerabilities; ESL: English as a second language.