Table 2.

Characteristics, inflammatory grades, and growth following intraarticular and extraarticular corticosteroid injections. Data are mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated.

	Intraarticular CSI	Extraarticular CSI	p
Corticosteroid injections
Number	82/141 (58%)	59/141 (42%)
Age at injection, yrs	6.1 ± 2.3	5.9 ± 2.1	0.66^*
Age at JIA onset, yrs, median (IQR)	2.5 (1.7–4.6)	3.9 (1.7–5.7)	0.11^*
Time interval since JIA onset, yrs, median (IQR)	2.4 (0.9–4.3)	1.2 (0.6–3.2)	0.02^*
Intraarticular amount of corticosteroid, grades 0–3	2.0 ± 0.84	0	< 0.0001^**
Injected corticosteroid dose, mg	10.8 ± 5.9	10.8 ± 6.5	0.52^**
Intraarticular dose index, mg	7.2 ± 4.9	0	< 0.0001^**
Previous CSI
Frequency	57/82 (69%)	26/59 (44%)	0.005^***
Number	1.4 ± 1.3	0.8 ± 1.1	0.005^**
Intraarticular dose index, mg	4.4 ± 6.7	1.1 ± 2.6	0.0001^**
Time interval between CSI, days, median (IQR)	189 (81–502)	140 (77–287)	0.11^*
TMJ deformity at CSI, grades 0–3	1.1 ± 1.0	0.9 ± 0.8	0.34^**
TMJ inflammation, grades 0–3
Before CSI	1.56 ± 0.72	1.36 ± 0.61	0.09^**
At first followup MRI	0.95 ± 1.08	1.19 ± 0.71	0.046^**
Improvement of inflammatory grade	53% of CSI, 0.61 ± 0.91	20% of CSI, 0.17 ± 0.56	0.0002^*, 0.001^
Growth rate, mm/y, median (IQR)
Up to first followup MRI	−1.0 (−4.5–2.6)	0.8 (−2.1–3.9)	0.036^*
Up to second followup MRI	−0.5 (−1.7–0.6)	0.5 (−0.1–1.6)	0.021^*

↵* T-test.
↵** Mann-Whitney U test.
↵*** chi-squared test. CSI: corticosteroid injection; JIA: juvenile idiopathic arthritis; TMJ: temporomandibular joint; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; IQR: interquartile range.