APPENDIX 1.

Items measuring perceived independence.

ItemsResponse Options
Strongly DisagreeDisagreeNeither Agree nor DisagreeAgreeStrongly Agree
a. I am dependent on others
b. I feel independent
c. I don’t let others tell me what to do
d. I am free to make decisions for myself
e. I can pursue goals in my own way
f. I behave in ways that are based on my own preferences and values
g. I am limited in my choices because of the attitudes of others
  • Note: A mean score was created across the 7 items.