Ultrasound/MRI definition of dactylitis or of its elementary components demonstrated by study.
| Ultrasound | MRI | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | 2006 | 2006 | 1999 | 1996 | 2008 | 2008 | 2002 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 |
| Author | Fournie | Ribes | Kane | Olivieri | Healy | Olivieri | Olivieri | Olivieri | Olivieri | Jevtic |
| Definition or description of dactylitis | NA | Y† | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | NA |
| Probe frequency (MHz)/slice thickness | 13.5 | 13.5 | 7–10 | 7.5 | NA | 3–5 mm | 3–5 mm | 3–7 mm | 3–7 mm | 3 mm |
| Elementary components | ||||||||||
| Soft tissue thickening | Desc | NA | Desc | Meas* | NA | NA | NA | Meas* | Meas* | Desc |
| Soft tissue edema | Desc | NA | NA | NA | Desc | Desc | Desc | Desc | NA | NS |
| Flexor tendon tenosynovitis | Desc | Desc | Meas | Meas | Desc | Desc | Desc | Meas | Meas | NA |
| Extensor tendon inflammation, thickening | NA | NA | NA | Meas* | Desc | Desc | NA | Meas | Meas* | NA |
| Nail plate abnormalities | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Nail bed/matrix abnormalities | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Joint synovitis | Desc | Desc | Desc | Desc* | Desc | Desc | Desc | Desc | Desc | Desc |
| Bone-extraarticular osteoproliferation | Desc | Desc | NA+ | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Bone-intraarticular osteoproliferation | Desc | Desc | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Erosions | Desc | Desc | NA‡ | NA | Desc | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Collateral ligament abnormalities | NA | NA | NA | NA | Desc | NA | NA | NA | NA | Desc |
| Bone edema | NA†† | NA†† | NA†† | NA†† | Desc | Desc* | Desc | NA | NA | Desc* |
| Sesamoid abnormalities/sesamoiditis | Desc | Desc | NA | NA | Desc | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Plantar/palmar plate abnormalities | NA | NA | NA | NA | Desc | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
↵* Feature not found, but specifically searched for and absence mentioned in article.
↵† Dactylitis defined by synovitis, although authors later comment on presence of sausage morphology in each PsA patient.
↵+ Comment of bone periostitis on radiograph only.
↵‡ Erosions examined/quantified on radiograph only.
↵†† Ultrasound unable to assess changes beneath the bone cortex. Desc: qualitatively described; Meas: measured/quantified; NA: not available; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging.