Patient characteristics (n = 15). BRONJ was diagnosed following tooth extraction except in Patients 4 and 15, whose diagnoses were spontaneous.
| Patient | Age, yrs | Sex | Disease | BRONJ Site | BRONJ Stage | BP | Duration (mo), Cumulative BP Dose, mg | BRONJ Management | Followup, mo | Comorbidity | Therapy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 51 | F | RA | R, L mandibles | 2 | Risedronate | 24, 3360 | Medical* | No | SS | MTX |
| 2 | 59 | F | RA | Mandible | 2 | Risedronate | 60, 8400 | Medical, surgical | Healing, 24 | HTN | LEF, prednisone, fluindione |
| 3 | 56 | M | RA | L, mandible | 2 | Zoledronate, pamidronate | 36, 48 12, 18 | Medical | Healing, 6 | Arrhythmias | Fluindione, bisoprolol, prednisone |
| 4 | 57 | F | RA | R maxilla | 1 | Alendronate | 96, 26,880 | Medical, surgical | Healing, 3 | None | Adalimumab |
| 5 | 39 | M | RA | R, L mandibles | 2 | Alendronate | 36, 10,080 | Medical, surgical | No | Renal failure | HCQ, MTX, prednisone |
| 6 | 82 | F | RA | Mandibular fracture | 3 | Alendronate, ibandronate | 12, 180 18, 270 | Medical, surgical | Healing, 13 | CAD | Ramipril, clopidogrel, furosemide, atenolol, prednisone |
| 7 | 84 | F | RA | Maxillary sinus | 3 | Ibandronate | 36, 5400 | Medical, surgical | Healing, 24 | None | Prednisone, MTX |
| 8 | 89 | F | RA | R maxilla | 2 | Alendronate | 60, 16,800 | Medical | Healing, 5 | None | Prednisone |
| 9 | 78 | F | OP | L mandible | 2 | Risedronate | 36, 5400 | Medical, surgical | Healing, 6 | None | None |
| 10 | 80 | M | OP | L mandible | 2 | Ibandronate | 18, 2700 | Medical, surgical | Healing, 36 | Diabetes | Metformin |
| 11 | 79 | F | OP | R mandible | 2 | Alendronate | 48, 13,400 | Medical, surgical | Healing, 3 | None | None |
| 12 | 89 | F | OP | R maxilla | 2 | Alendronate | 84, 23,520 | Medical, surgical | Healing, 12 | None | None |
| 13 | 70 | F | OP | L maxilla | 2 | Alendronate, risedronate | 36, 10.080 72, 10,800 | Medical | Healing, 8 | None | None |
| 14 | 69 | F | OP | L maxilla | 2 | Alendronate | 36, 10,080 | Medical | Healing, 4 | None | None |
| 15 | 64 | F | AD | Dental implant, R mandible | 2 | Zoledronate | 6, 5 | Medical, surgical | Healing, 6 | None | Diclofenac |
↵* Medical treatment: oral rinse and oral antibiotics (amoxicillin 1 g plus clavulanic acid 125 mg po twice daily or clindamycin 600 mg po plus metronidazole 500 mg po twice daily). BRONJ: bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw; BP: bisphosphonate; RA: rheumatoid arthritis; SS: Sjögren syndrome; MTX: methotrexate; HTN: hypertension; LEF: leflunomide; HCQ: hydroxychloroquine; CAD: coronary artery disease; OP: osteoporosis; AD: algodystrophy.