Characteristics | Black, n = 121 | White, n = 122 | OR* (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|
Female sex | 89.3 | 77.9 | — |
Major conventional CV risk factors | |||
Hypertension | 71.9 | 45.9 | 2.43 (1.00–5.94) |
T chol/HDL chol > 4 | 22.2 | 15.8 | 1.78 (0.56–5.64) |
Smoking | 3.3 | 9.9 | 0.22 (0.05–1.05) |
Diabetes | 16.5 | 7.4 | 1.78 (0.47–6.65) |
Other conventional CV/predisposing risk factors | |||
Alcohol use | 2.5 | 38.0 | 0.05 (0.01–0.15) |
Exercise | 39.7 | 33.3 | 0.93 (0.39–2.18) |
Marital status | |||
Unmarried | 38.0 | 7.4 | 2.88 (0.92–9.05) |
Married | 37.2 | 75.4 | 0.52 (0.22–1.26) |
Divorced | 8.3 | 9.0 | 0.82 (0.19–3.42) |
Widowed | 16.5 | 8.2 | 1.56 (0.38–6.39) |
Nonconventional CV risk factors | |||
Rheumatoid factor-positive | 50.5 | 48.3 | 1.02 (0.38–2.75) |
Extraarticular manifestations | 2.5 | 12.3 | 0.19 (0.05–0.67) |
Antirheumatic agent used | |||
NSAID | 7.4 | 27.0 | 3.18 (0.56–18.16) |
Prednisone | 1.7 | 3.3 | 0.50 (0.09–2.78) |
Continuous variables, mean ± SD | p* | ||
Age, yrs | 55.8 ± 10.1 | 58.2 ± 11.4 | — |
Major conventional CV risk factors | |||
Systolic blood pressure | 140 ± 24 | 128 ± 17 | 0.5 |
Diastolic blood pressure | 86 ± 15 | 79 ± 9 | 0.02 |
T chol, mmol/l | 4.7 ± 0.9 | 5.0 ± 1.1 | 0.03 |
HDL chol†, mmol/l | 1.48 ± 1.34 | 1.61 ± 1.03 | 0.05 |
T chol/HDL chol | 3.2 ± 1.1 | 3.2 ± 1.0 | 0.6 |
LDL chol, mmol/l | 2.6 ± 0.8 | 2.8 ± 0.9 | 0.2 |
Non-HDL chol, mol/l | 3.1 ± 0.9 | 3.3 ± 1.0 | 0.2 |
Pack-year history of smoking†, yrs | 0.1 ± 1.7 | 2.8 ± 5.2 | 0.008 |
Major risk factors, n | 1.2 ± 0.8 | 0.8 ± 0.7 | 0.1 |
Framingham score† | 2.6 ± 3.0 | 2.9 ± 3.0 | 0.5 |
Other conventional CV/predisposing risk factors | |||
Exercise†, hours per wk | 0.6 ± 2.0 | 0.6 ± 2.1 | 0.2 |
Education, yrs | 7.4 ± 4.1 | 13.0 ± 2.7 | 0.0002 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 29.4 ± 6.6 | 25.6 ± 4.7 | 0.003 |
Waist circumference, cm | 93.4 ± 13.4 | 88.8 ± 13.0 | 0.08 |
Waist/hip† | 0.85 ± 3.65 | 0.86 ± 1.11 | 0.6 |
Triglycerides†, mmol/l | 1.08 ± 1.71 | 1.08 ± 1.51 | 0.6 |
AIMS tension† | 3.8 ± 1.5 | 2.8 ± 1.7 | 0.1 |
AIMS depression† | 3.2 ± 1.5 | 1.8 ± 1.7 | 0.1 |
Nonconventional CV risk factors | |||
Disease duration, yrs | 12.8 ± 9.2 | 14.3 ± 9.3 | 0.5 |
DAS28 | 4.1 ± 1.3 | 3.6 ± 1.6 | 0.3 |
CRP†, mg/l | 7.0 ± 3.1 | 4.3 ± 3.7 | 0.9 |
HAQ score† | 0.54 ± 0.41 | 0.37 ± 0.43 | 0.5 |
Deformed joints† | 6 ± 2 | 4 ± 4 | 0.08 |
No. DMARD | 2.5 ± 1.0 | 2.2 ± 0.9 | 0.4 |
CV: cardiovascular; T: total; chol: cholesterol; BMI: body mass index; AIMS: Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales; DAS28: Disease Activity Score in 28 joints; CRP: C-reactive protein; HAQ: Health Assessment Questionnaire; DMARD: disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs; RA: rheumatoid arthritis; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; NSAID: nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug; LDL: low-density lipoprotein.
↵* OR and p value for comparisons between black and white Africans after adjustment for age, sex, and healthcare center as well as lipid-lowering and antihypertensive agents in models that include lipid and systolic and diastolic blood pressure variables, respectively.
↵† Logarithmically transformed variables for which geometric means (SD) are given.