Proportion (%) of patient visits with urine protein/creatinine ratio ≥ 0.5 in subgroups defined by level of VCAM-1 and NGAL (normalized to urine creatinine).
| Subgroups Defined by Biomarker Levels at Each Visit | Proportion (%) of Visits with Urine Protein/Creatinine Ratio ≥ 0.5 | p* |
|---|---|---|
| VCAM-1** | ||
| Low | 15/97 (15) | < 0.0001 |
| Medium | 34/54 (63) | |
| High | 27/31 (87) | |
| NGAL** | ||
| Low | 43/104 (41) | 0.2810 |
| Medium | 18/49 (37) | |
| High | 15/26 (57) |
↵* For difference between subgroups (low, medium, high) with respect to the proportion of visits with urine protein/creatinine ratio ≥ 0.5, calculated using a GEE approach that accounts for repeated measures from the same patients.
↵** Low: ≤ 0.1; medium: 0.1–0.3; high: ≥ 0.3 for VCAM-1 and NGAL. VCAM-1: vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; NGAL: neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin.