Frequency of atherothrombotic manifestation (ATM)* in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) after disease onset stratified by GDF15 and rs1333049 on chromosome 9p21.3 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes. All analyses adjusted for sex, shared-epitope, accumulated disease activity, ACPA, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, ever-smoker, treatment with statins and anti-TNF inhibitor, and age at disease onset.
| ATM After RA Onset | ATM at 6-year Followup | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genes/SNP | Negative | Positive, n (%) | OR (95% CI), Unadjusted | OR (95% CI), Adjusted | Negative | Positive, n (%) | OR (95% CI), Unadjusted | OR (95% CI), Adjusted |
| GDF15 rs1058587 | ||||||||
| CC | 251 | 69 (21.6) | 1.0 (referent) | 264 | 56 (17.5) | 1.0 (referent) | ||
| CG | 227 | 66 (22.5) | 1.06 (0.72–1.55) | 0.93 (0.59–1.48) | 237 | 56 (19.1) | 1.11 (0.74–1.68) | 0.92 (0.56–1.51) |
| GG | 44 | 23 (34.3) | 1.90 (1.08–3.36) | 2.14 (1.09–4.19) | 51 | 16 (23.9) | 1.48 (0.79–2.78) | 1.43 (0.67–3.04) |
| GG vs CG+CC | 44 | 23 (34.3) | 1.85 (1.08–3.17) | 2.21 (1.17–4.18) | 51 | 16 (23.9) | 1.40 (0.77–2.55) | 1.49 (0.73–3.05) |
| Allele G | 315 | 112 (26.2) | 1.27 (0.97–1.66) | 2.21 (1.17–4.18) | 339 | 88 (20.6) | 1.18 (0.89–1.58) | 1.49 (0.73–3.04) |
| 9p21.3 rs1333049 | ||||||||
| GG | 163 | 49 (23.1) | 1.0 (referent) | 175 | 37 (17.5) | 1.0 (referent) | ||
| CG | 264 | 71 (21.2) | 0.90 (0.59–1.35) | 0.90 (0.55–1.47) | 277 | 58 (17.3) | 0.99 (0.63–1.56) | 1.16 (0.66–2.04) |
| CC | 83 | 38 (31.4) | 1.52 (0.92–2.51) | 1.80 (1.00–3.24) | 89 | 32 (26.4) | 1.70 (0.99–2.91) | 2.46 (1.29–4.70) |
| CC vs GG+CG | 83 | 38 (31.4) | 1.63 (1.06–2.51) | 1.92 (1.15–3.19) | 89 | 32 (26.4) | 1.71 (1.08–2.71) | 2.24 (1.30–3.87) |
| Allele C | 430 | 147 (25.5) | 1.19 (0.93–1.54) | 1.10 (0.69–1.74) | 455 | 122 (21.1) | 1.27 (0.97–1.68) | 1.45 (0.86–2.45) |
↵* ATM defined as myocardial infarction, angina pectoris with intervention, stroke/transient ischemic attack, and deep-vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism. ACPA: anticitrullinated protein antibodies; TNF: tumor necrosis factor.