Non-underlying causes of death when systemic lupus erythematosus was the underlying cause, by period, age-adjusted, state of São Paulo, Brazil. From São Paulo State Data Analysis System Foundation (Fundação Sistema Estadual de Análise de Dados, http://www.seade.gov.br); with permission.
| Non-underlying Causes of Death | Coding ICD-9/ICD-10 | 1985–2007, n (%) | 1985–1989, % (95% CI) | 2003–2007, % (95% CI) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Renal failure | 584.5–586/N17–N19 | 932 (29.8) | 36.5 (31.10–42.96) | 26.5 (23.01–30.34) | < 0.001 |
| Pneumonia due to bacteria and other infectious organisms | 481.0–483.0/485.0–486.0 J13.0–J16.8/J18.0–J18.9 | 805 (25.7) | 15.6 (12.25–20.00) | 31.8 (28.10–35.97) | < 0.001 |
| Septicemia | 038.0–038.9/A40.0–A41.9 | 714 (22.8) | 12.0 (8.96–16.17) | 33.4 (29.91–38.07) | < 0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular diseases | 430.0–432.9/I60.0–I62.9 434.9/I63.0–I63.9 436.0/I64.0 | 186 (5.9) | 6.4 (4.27–6.75) | 4.5 (3.17–6.30) | 0.159 |
| Heart failure | 428.0–428.9/I50.0–I50.9 | 176 (5.6) | 6.6 (4.39–10.01) | 5.0 (3.36–6.82) | 0.240 |
| Acute nephritic syndrome/nephrotic syndrome/hematuria | 580.0–581.3/581.9–582.4 582.9–583.9/N00.0–N06.9 | 150 (4.8) | 5.6 (3.65–8.71) | 1.8 (0.99–2.99) | 0.001 |
| Hypertensive diseases | 401.0–404.9/I10.0–I13.9 | 245 (7.8) | 5.1 (3.15–8.25) | 10.6 (8.54–13.11) | < 0.001 |
| Intracerebral hemorrhage | 430.0–432.9/I60.0–I62.9 | 105 (3.4) | 4.2 (2.52–7.06) | 3.6 (2.41–5.26) | 0.502 |
| Gastrointestinal hemorrhage | 578.0–578.9/K92.0–K92.2 | 49 (1.6) | 1.6 (1.62–0.69) | 1.0 (0.45–2.01) | 0.298 |
| Stroke, not specified as hemorrhage or infarction | 436.0/I64.0 | 52 (1.7) | 1.5 (0.53–3.98) | 0.8 (0.32–1.75) | 0.331 |
| Malignant neoplasms | 140.0–199.1/C00.0–C80.9 | 21 (0.7) | 0.4 (0.05–2.41) | 0.3 (0.06–1.01) | 1.000 |
| Cerebral infarction | 434.9/I63.0–I63.9 | 29 (0.9) | 0.7 (0.19–2.75) | 0.1 (0.00–0.78) | 0.142 |
| Acute myocardial infarction | 410.0/I21.0–I21.9 | 57 (1.8) | 0.9 (0.30–3.02) | 3.0 (2.00–4.51) | 0.051 |
| Disseminated intravascular coagulation | 286.6/D65.0 | 40 (1.3) | 0.6 (0.12–2.58) | 2.1 (1.20–3.50) | 0.062 |
| Encephalitis | 323.8–323.9/G04.8–G04.9 | 15 (0.5) | 0.7 (0.15–2.88) | 0.7 (0.21–1.60) | 1.000 |
| Meningitis | 322.0–322.9/G03.0 G03.8–G03.9 | 9 (0.3) | 0.9 (0.13–3.30) | 0.3 (0.03–1.08) | 0.268 |
| Tuberculosis | 010.0–018.9/A15.0–A19.9 | 19 (0.6) | 0.3 (0.04–2.29) | 0.4 (0.08–1.20) | 1.000 |
| Total deaths | 3133 | 489 | 846 |
ICD: International Classification of Diseases.