Risk of bias summary (treatment quality) of the randomized controlled trials analysis.
| Study | Treatment Content and Setting | Treatment Duration | Manualization | Adherence to Manual | Therapist Training | Client Engagement | Sum |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Astin 200338 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 6 |
| Burckhardt 199439 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
| Edinger 200540 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5 |
| Garcia 200641 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Grossman 200742 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
| Kashikar-Zuck 200543 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 8 |
| Nicassio 199744 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Redondo 200445 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Sephton 200736 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 5 |
| Soares 200246 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
| Thieme 200347 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Thieme 200648 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 6 |
| Vlaeyen 199637 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Wigers 199649 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
0: inadequate or not reported; 1: partially adequate; 2: adequate.