Prevalence of anti-Th/To and other SSc-related autoantibodies in different ethnic groups. Anti-Th/To antibodies were detected by RNA-immunoprecipitation in all the studies shown in the table.
| Kipnis 199024 | Okano 199010 | Jacobsen 200121 | Kuwana 200217 | Meyer 200718 | Meyer 200718 | Hamaguchi 200825 | Ceribelli 2010 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | 84 | 371 | 174 | 303 | 127 | 247 | 203 | 216* |
| Race | NA | NA | Caucasian | Japanese | Caucasian 91% | Caucasian 92% | Japanese | Caucasian |
| Country | USA (New Haven) | USA (Pittsburgh 1984–8) | Denmark | Japan | France | USA (Pittsburgh 1986–8) | Japan | Italy |
| Autoantibody, % | ||||||||
| Centromere | 21 | — | 37 | 17 | 18 | 21 | 38 | 31 |
| Topo I | 18 | — | 13 | 30 | 35 | 22 | 33 | 38 |
| RNAPIII | 7 | — | 22 | — | 4 | 25 | 6 | 7 |
| Th/To | 13 | 4 | 2.3 | 4.8 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 3.7* |
| U3RNP (fibrillarin) | 7 | — | 4.6 | — | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0* |
| PM-Scl | 5 | — | — | — | 6 | 3 | — | — |
| U1RNP | 10 | — | 4 | — | 9 | 7 | 5 | — |
| Ku | 2 | — | — | — | 2 | 1 | — | — |
↵* Only sera without ACA, topoisomerase I, or RNAPIII were tested for anti-Th/To and U3RNP. NA: not available.