Outcomes by the visual analog pain scale (VAS).
| Palpation-Guided | Ultrasound-Guided | Difference, % | 95% CI | p (corrected for multiple comparisons) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pain before procedure (VAS pain score) | 7.65 ± 1.90 | 7.32 ± 2.96 | −4.3 | −110 to +10.7 | 0.422 |
| Procedural pain (VAS pain score) | 4.82 ± 2.92 | 2.72 + 2.03 | −43.6 | −60.6 to −26.6 | 0.0004 |
| Pain 2 wks postinjection (VAS pain score) | 2.99 ± 2.77 | 1.24 ± 2.00 | −58.5 | −84.6 to −32.4 | 0.0004 |
| Change in VAS pain scores at 2 wks | −4.66 ± 2.33 | −6.08 ± 2.50 | −30.5 | −47.4 to −13.5 | 0.002 |