Association between expectations for recovery and resolution of pain-related limitations. Crude and adjusted hazard rate ratios (HRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).*
| Expectation at Baseline | Unadjusted HRR (95% CI) | Adjusted HRR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Will never get better | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Will get better soon | 4.49 (3.10–6.50) | 3.01 (2.05–4.43) |
| Will get better slowly | 2.65 (1.84–3.83) | 2.38 (1.62–3.48) |
| Don’t know | 1.86 (1.28–2.69) | 1.93 (1.32–2.84) |
↵* Resolution of pain-related limitations refers to a score of 0 on the Pain Disability Index. Adjusted HRR are adjusted for the following baseline confounders: percentage of body in pain after the injury, post-injury neck pain intensity, post-injury back pain intensity; post-injury headache intensity, sleep disturbance, post-injury self-rated health, post-injury depressive symptomatology, and initial self-reported limitations in daily home activities.