SLE, N = 50 | Total Controls, N = 26 | p | Fertile Age Group | p | Menopausal Age Group | p | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SLE, N = 40 | Controls, N = 16 | SLE, N = 10 | Controls, N = 10 | ||||||
Metabolic syndrome | |||||||||
Fasting glucose, mg/dl | 83.5 (66–123) | 88.5 (75–104) | 0.13 | 81 (66–123) | 86 (75–102) | 0.27 | 89 (79–114) | 96.5 (78–104) | 0.38 |
Glucose 120′, mg/dl | 83 (40–246) | 87 (36–114) | 0.85 | 83 (40–160) | 89.5 (75–111) | 0.093 | 101 (73–246) | 80 (36–114) | 0.11 |
Fasting insulin, mU/ml | 8.2 (3.2–32.0) | 6.1 (2.7–12.0) | 0.004 | 7.9 (3.2–32.0) | 5.1 (3.7–12.0) | 0.005 | 10.5 (4.1–12.5) | 7.6 (2.8–11.0) | 0.082 |
HOMA-IR | 1.6 (0.6–8.2) | 1.3 (0.6–2.9) | 0.03 | 1.5 (0.6–8.2) | 1.0 (0.7–2.9) | 0.008 | 2.1 (0.9–3.8) | 1.8 (0.6–2.7) | 0.21 |
Triglycerides, mg/dl | 94 (42–209) | 87 (39–155) | 0.31 | 89 (42–200) | 73 (39–130) | 0.074 | 132 (71–209) | 118 (71–155) | 0.62 |
HDL cholesterol, mg/dl | 65 (25–125) | 60 (30–85) | 0.11 | 65 (25–125) | 65.5 (30–85) | 0.73 | 79 (48–112) | 54.5 (41–64) | 0.01 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 24.2 (19.8–35.0) | 22.8 (19.0–37.3) | 0.04 | 24 (19.8–35.0) | 21 (19.0–26.4) | 0.007 | 25.1 (20.0–34.7) | 23.3 (22.0–37.3) | 0.79 |
Waist/hip ratio | 0.84 (0.68–1.18) | 0.81 (0.72–0.94) | 0.11 | 0.83 (0.68–1.18) | 0.80 (0.72–0.88) | 0.16 | 0.86 (0.74–1.12) | 0.83 (0.73–0.94) | 0.27 |
Waist circumference, cm | 79 (64–118) | 73 (64–111) | 0.04 | 78 (64–118) | 70 (64–88) | 0.006 | 85 (65–110) | 79 (67–111) | 0.66 |
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 120 (90–160) | 110 (100–140) | 0.03 | 120 (90–160) | 110 (100–140) | 0.15 | 140 (120–160) | 120 (100–140) | 0.002 |
MeS prevalence (WHO criteria) | 14 (28) | 2 (7.7) | 0.043 | 9 (22.5) | 1 (6.25) | 0.25 | 5 (50) | 1 (10) | 0.15 |
MeS prevalence (EGIR criteria) | 15 (30) | 1 (3.8) | 0.007 | 10 (25) | 0 (0) | 0.047 | 5 (50) | 1 (10) | 0.14 |
Other CVD risk factors | |||||||||
Family history of CHD, n (%) | 6 (12) | 6 (23) | 0.31 | 2 (5) | 3 (18.75) | 0.13 | 4 (40) | 3 (30) | 1.0 |
CHD, n (%) | 5 (10) | 0 | 0.15 | 1 (2.5) | 0 | 1.0 | 4 (40) | 0 | 0.086 |
Total cholesterol, mg/dl | 201 (153–286) | 185 (115–326) | 0.056 | 201 (153–275) | 178 (115–245) | 0.01 | 209 (180–286) | 187 (178–326) | 0.79 |
LDL cholesterol, mg/dl | 112 (74–179) | 97 (59–199) | 0.057 | 113 (74–179) | 87 (59–132) | 0.0008 | 97 (89–158) | 117 (90–199) | 0.11 |
Current smoking, n (%) | 2 (4) | 2 (7.7) | 0.60 | 2 (5) | 2 (12.5) | 0.59 | 0 | 0 | — |
Homocysteine, μU/l | 12.0 (4.0–21.0) | 7.0 (4.0–18.0) | < 0.0001 | 10.5 (4.0–19.0) | 6.0 (4.0–9.0) | < 0.0001 | 14.0 (9.0–21.0) | 10.5 (9.0–18.0) | 0.58 |
C-reactive protein, mg/dl | 2.0 (1.0–26.0) | 1.0 (0.0–5.0) | 0.01 | 2.0 (1.0–26.0) | 1.5 (0.0–5.0) | 0.19 | 3.0 (1.0–6.0) | 1.0 (1.0–2.0) | 0.007 |
SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; MeS: metabolic syndrome; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; BMI: body mass index; CHD: coronary heart disease.