Table 2.

Health outcomes of complementary and alternative healthcare (CAHC) use over a 12-month period (GEE analysis). Beta coefficients (95% confidence intervals) represent change in the outcome per unit change in the independent variable.

VariablesGlobal Health ß (95% CI)HRQOL†† ß (95% CI)Outcomes Physical Function†† ß (95% CI)Disease Severity ß (95% CI)Pain ß (95% CI)
CAHC use−0.79 (−1.58,−0.00)*0.28 (−0.33, 0.89)0.93 (0.22, 1.63)*0.16 (−0.59, 0.91)7.50 (−14.09, 29.08)
Child’s age0.07 (0.02, 0.13)*−0.03 (−0.08, 0.02)−0.02 (−0.21,0.17)−0.02 (−0.12, 0.08)0.44 (−0.97, 1.85)
Disease duration−0.10 (−0.18,−0.03)**0.08 (0.01,0.14)*0.06 (−0.01, 0.14)−0.03 (−0.16, 0.10)1.30 (−0.98,3.58)
Economic hardship−0.01 (−0.07, 0.05)0.01 (−0.03, 0.06)−0.03 (−0.11,0.05)−0.05 (−0.14, 0.05)0.49 (−0.48, 1.46)
Disease severity at baseline (active joint count)0.08 (−0.04, 0.20)0.04 (−0.06, 0.14)0.04 (−0.11,0.18)1.07 (0.69, 1.45)***−0.43 (−2.06, 1.20)
Parents’ report of adherence to medications−0.02 (−0.03, −0.00)**−0.00 (−0.01, 0.00)0.00 (−0.01, 0.01)−0.00 (−0.02, 0.02)0.05 (−0.16, 0.25)
Parents’ report of adherence to exercises0.01 (0.01,0.02)**0.00 (−0.01, 0.01)−0.00 (−0.01, 0.01)0.01 (−0.00, 0.02)−0.11 (−0.32, 0.10)
HRQOL at baseline††0.46 (0.23, 0.69)***
Physical functioning at baseline††0.66 (0.36, 0.97)***
Pain at baseline0.22 (0.02, 0.42)*
  • Adjusted for all variables in the table.

  • †† Higher score = more difficulty in performing activities.

  • * p < 0.05,

  • ** p < 0.01,

  • *** p < 0.0001.

  • GEE: generalized estimating equation; HRQOL: health-related quality of life.