RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 The OMERACT Stepwise Approach to Select and Develop Imaging Outcome Measurement Instruments: The Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Example JF The Journal of Rheumatology JO J Rheumatol FD The Journal of Rheumatology SP jrheum.181158 DO 10.3899/jrheum.181158 A1 Lene Terslev A1 Esperanza Naredo A1 Helen I. Keen A1 George A.W. Bruyn A1 Annamaria Iagnocco A1 Richard J. Wakefield A1 Philip G. Conaghan A1 Lara J. Maxwell A1 Dorcas E. Beaton A1 Maarten Boers A1 Maria-Antonietta D’Agostino YR 2019 UL http://www.jrheum.org/content/early/2019/06/03/jrheum.181158.abstract AB Objective To describe the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) stepwise approach to select and develop an imaging instrument with musculoskeletal ultrasound (US) as an example. Methods The OMERACT US Working Group (WG) developed a 4-step process to select instruments based on imaging. Step 1 applies the OMERACT Framework Instrument Selection Algorithm (OFISA) to existing US outcome measurement instruments for a specific indication. This step requires a literature review focused on the truth, discrimination, and feasibility aspects of the instrument for the target pathology. When the evidence is completely unsatisfactory, Step 2 is a consensus process to define the US characteristics of the target pathology including one or more so-called “elementary lesions”. Step 3 applies the agreed definitions to the image, evaluates their reliability, develops a severity grading of the lesion(s) at a given anatomical site, and evaluates the effect of the acquisition technique on feasibility and lesion(s) detection. Step 4 applies and assesses the definition(s) and scoring system(s) in cross-sectional studies and multicenter trials. The imaging instrument is now ready to pass a final OFISA check. Results With this process in place, the US WG now has 18 subgroups developing US instruments in 10 different diseases. Half of them have passed Step 3, and the groups for enthesitis (spondyloarthritis, psoriatic arthritis), synovitis, and tenosynovitis (rheumatoid arthritis) have finished Step 4. Conclusion The US WG approach to select and develop outcome measurement instruments based on imaging has been repeatedly and successfully applied in US, but is generic for imaging and fits with OMERACT Filter 2.1.