RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Efficacy and Tolerability of Probenecid as Urate-lowering Therapy in Gout; Clinical Experience in High-prevalence Population
JF The Journal of Rheumatology
JO J Rheumatol
FD The Journal of Rheumatology
SP jrheum.121301
DO 10.3899/jrheum.121301
A1 Karen Pui
A1 Peter J.  Gow
A1 Nicola Dalbeth
YR 2013
UL http://www.jrheum.org/content/early/2013/02/26/jrheum.121301.abstract
AB Objective Probenecid is recommended as urate-lowering therapy (ULT) in patients with gout where xanthine oxidase inhibitors are ineffective, not tolerated, or contraindicated. The aim of our study was to determine the efficacy of probenecid to achieve serum urate (SU) targets (< 0.36 mmol/l) in clinical practice. Methods We identified 57 patients prescribed with probenecid from a database of 521 rheumatology clinic attenders with gout. Demographic characteristics, indications for probenecid, probenecid doses, side effects, and laboratory data including estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and SU were recorded. Results There were 30/57 (53%) patients treated with probenecid as monotherapy and 27/57 (47%) patients treated with probenecid in combination with allopurinol. Target SU concentrations (< 0.36 mmol/l) were achieved in 10/30 (33%) of the probenecid monotherapy group and 10/27 (37%) of the combination treatment group. Baseline SU concentrations, but not eGFR or probenecid dose, independently predicted achievement of target SU. Target SU was achieved in 5/15 (33%) patients with eGFR < 50 ml/min/1.73 m2. There was no difference in the percentage of patients achieving SU target in those with eGFR < 50 ml/min/1.73 m2 compared with those with eGFR ≥ 50 ml/min/1.73 m2. Adverse events attributed to probenecid were observed in 8/42 (19%) patients with eGFR ≥ 50 ml/min/1.73 m2 and in 2/15 (13%) patients with eGFR < 50 ml/min/1.73 m2. Conclusion Probenecid has moderate efficacy as ULT in clinical management of patients with complex gout who have a lack of efficacy or intolerance to allopurinol. Patients with chronic kidney disease may respond to probenecid with similar rates of adverse events.