@article {Grecojrheum.110327, author = {Carol M. Greco and Tracy Li and Abdus Sattar and Amy H. Kao and Natalya Danchenko and Daniel Edmundowicz and Kim Sutton-Tyrrell and Russell P. Tracy and Lewis H. Kuller and Susan Manzi}, title = {Association Between Depression and Vascular Disease in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus}, elocation-id = {jrheum.110327}, year = {2011}, doi = {10.3899/jrheum.110327}, publisher = {The Journal of Rheumatology}, abstract = {Objective Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease with increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and depression. Although depression may contribute to CVD risk in population-based studies, its influence on cardiovascular morbidity in SLE has not been evaluated. We evaluated the association between depression and vascular disease in SLE. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2002-2005 in 161 women with SLE and without CVD. The primary outcome measure was a composite vascular disease marker consisting of the presence of coronary artery calcium and/or carotid artery plaque. Results In total, 101 women met criteria for vascular disease. In unadjusted analyses, several traditional cardiovascular risk factors, inflammatory markers, adiposity, SLE disease-related factors, and depression were associated with vascular disease. In the final multivariable model, the psychological variable depression was associated with nearly 4-fold higher odds for vascular disease (OR 3.85, 95\% CI 1.37, 10.87) when adjusted for other risk factors of age, lower education level, hypertensive status, waist-hip ratio, and C-reactive protein. Conclusion In SLE, depression is independently associated with vascular disease, along with physical factors.}, issn = {0315-162X}, URL = {https://www.jrheum.org/content/early/2011/12/14/jrheum.110327}, eprint = {https://www.jrheum.org/content/early/2011/12/14/jrheum.110327.full.pdf}, journal = {The Journal of Rheumatology} }