TY - JOUR T1 - CD4+CD25<sup>high</sup>CD127<sup>low/-</sup> Treg Cell Frequency from Peripheral Blood Correlates with Disease Activity in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis JF - The Journal of Rheumatology JO - J Rheumatol DO - 10.3899/jrheum.110283 SP - jrheum.110283 AU - Shin-Ya Kawashiri AU - Atsushi Kawakami AU - Akitomo Okada AU - Tomohiro Koga AU - Mami Tamai AU - Satoshi Yamasaki AU - Hideki Nakamura AU - Tomoki Origuchi AU - Hiroaki Ida AU - Katsumi Eguchi Y1 - 2011/09/15 UR - http://www.jrheum.org/content/early/2011/09/12/jrheum.110283.abstract N2 - Objective To investigate whether the frequency of peripheral blood (PB) regulatory T cells (Treg) correlates with the clinical disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods PB Treg cells, defined as the CD4+CD25highCD127low/- population, were examined by flow cytometry in 48 patients with RA, including 13 who had never received disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD), 19 with active disease who were receiving (n = 14) or had received (n = 5) DMARD, and 16 receiving DMARD whose disease was in remission. The clinical disease activity of the patients was defined by the 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28). The association of DAS28, C-reactive protein (CRP), or erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) with the frequency of PB Treg cells was examined. Results The frequency of PB Treg cells in patients with RA was significantly low compared with that of healthy controls (n = 14). Among the 3 populations of patients with RA, Treg cell frequency was lowest in patients with active RA. In contrast, the Treg cell frequency of patients with RA in remission was similar to that of healthy controls. Accordingly, the frequency of CD4+CD25highCD127low/- Treg cells negatively correlated with DAS28, CRP, and ESR in patients with RA. Conclusion The data suggest that Treg cells, defined as the CD4+CD25highCD127low/- population, may contribute to the pathogenesis of RA and be an indicator of disease activity. ER -