RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Clinical Relevance of Nitric Oxide Metabolites and Nitrative Stress in Thrombotic Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome JF The Journal of Rheumatology JO J Rheumatol FD The Journal of Rheumatology SP jrheum.100494 DO 10.3899/jrheum.100494 A1 Paul R.J. Ames A1 Joana R. Batuca A1 Antonio Ciampa A1 Luigi Iannaccone A1 Jose Delgado Alves YR 2010 UL http://www.jrheum.org/content/early/2010/09/27/jrheum.100494.abstract AB Objective To assess the role of nitrite (NO2–), nitrate (NO3–), and nitrative stress in thrombotic primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS). Methods We investigated 46 patients with PAPS: 21 asymptomatic but persistent carriers of antiphospholipid antibodies (PCaPL), 38 patients with inherited thrombophilia (IT), 33 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and 29 healthy controls (CTR). IgG anticardiolipin (aCL), IgG anti-beta2-glycoprotein I (anti-ß2-GPI), IgG anti-high density lipoprotein (aHDL), IgG anti-apolipoprotein A-I (aApoA-I), crude nitrotyrosine (NT) (an indicator of nitrative stress), and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured by immunoassays. Plasma nitrite (NO2–), nitrate (NO3–), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured by colorimetric spectroscopic assays. Results Average plasma NO2– was lower in PAPS, PCaPL, and IT (p < 0.0001); average NO3– was highest in SLE (p < 0.0001), whereas average NT was higher in PAPS and SLE (p = 0.01). In thrombotic PAPS, IgG aCL titer and number of vascular occlusions negatively predicted NO2– (p = 0.03 and p = 0.001, respectively), whereas arterial occlusions and smoking positively predicted NO3– (p = 0.05 and p = 0.005), and CRP positively predicted NT (p = 0.004). In the PCaPL group IgG aCL negatively predicted NO3– (p = 0.03). In the SLE group IgG aCL negatively predicted NO2–  (p = 0.03) and NO3– (p = 0.02). Conclusion PAPS is characterized by decreased NO2– in relation to type and number of vascular occlusions and to aPL titers. Nitrative stress and low grade inflammation are linked phenomena in PAPS and may have implications for thrombosis and atherosclerosis.