RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Education, Zip Code-based Annualized Household Income, and Health Outcomes in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
JF The Journal of Rheumatology
JO J Rheumatol
FD The Journal of Rheumatology
SP jrheum.090862
DO 10.3899/jrheum.090862
A1 Meenakshi Jolly
A1 Rachel A. Mikolaitis
A1 Najia Shakoor
A1 Louis F. Fogg
A1 Joel A. Block
YR 2010
UL http://www.jrheum.org/content/early/2010/03/28/jrheum.090862.abstract
AB Objective To determine the association of socioeconomic status [SES; education and zip code-based annual household income (Z-AHI)] and ethnicity with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods Data on 211 subjects from a cross-sectional study (LupusPRO©) using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 questionnaire to evaluate physical health scores (PCS) and mental health scores were used to obtain education and zip code. The 2000 US Census was used to obtain each zip code’s median annual household income. Results Education and Z-AHI correlated with PCS (education standardized ß = 0.17, 95% CI 0.47, 3.65, p = 0.01, r2 = 0.03; Z-AHI standardized ß = 0.15, 95% CI 0.57, 8.30, p = 0.02, r2 = 0.02) on regression analysis. Z-AHI was linked to PCS, independent of education. Ethnicity was associated with PCS through disease activity and SES. Conclusion SES is associated with HRQOL in SLE. Z-AHI and education are equally predictive surrogates of SES; however, Z-AHI, independent of education, was predictive of HRQOL. Z-AHI has less subject bias and is easily obtainable, therefore its use for future HRQOL studies is suggested.