PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Nigel Hanchard
AU  - Donal Shanahan
AU  - Tracey Howe
AU  - Jonathan Thompson
AU  - Lorna Goodchild
TI  - Accuracy and dispersal of subacromial and glenohumeral injections in cadavers.
DP  - 2006 Jun 01
TA  - The Journal of Rheumatology
PG  - 1143--1146
VI  - 33
IP  - 6
4099  - http://www.jrheum.org/content/33/6/1143.short
4100  - http://www.jrheum.org/content/33/6/1143.full
SO  - J Rheumatol2006 Jun 01; 33
AB  - OBJECTIVE: "Blind" shoulder injections are often inaccurate and infiltrate untargeted structures. We tested a hypothesis that optimizing certain anatomical and positional factors would improve accuracy and reduce dispersal. METHODS: We evaluated one subacromial and one glenohumeral injection technique on cadavers. RESULTS: Mean accuracy was 91% for subacromial-targeted and 74 and 91% (worst- and best-case scenarios) for joint-targeted injections. Mean dispersal was 19% for subacromial-targeted and 16% for joint-targeted injections. All results bettered those reported previously. CONCLUSION: These "optimized" techniques might improve accuracy and limit dispersal of blind shoulder injections in clinical situations, benefiting efficacy and safety. However, evaluation is required in a clinical setting.