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Hydroxychloroquine in Patients with Rheumatic Disease Complicated by COVID-19: Clarifying Target Exposures and the Need for Clinical Trials
Stephen J. Balevic, Christoph P. Hornik, Thomas P. Green, Megan E.B. Clowse, Daniel Gonzalez, Anil R. Maharaj, Laura E. Schanberg, Amanda M. Eudy, Geeta K. Swamy, Brenna L. Hughes and Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez
The Journal of Rheumatology May 2020, jrheum.200493; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.200493
Stephen J. Balevic
From the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA (Drs. Balevic, Clowse, Eudy); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC USA (Drs. Balevic, Hornik, Maharaj, Schanberg, Cohen-Wolkowiez); Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA (Drs. Balevic, Hornik, Schanberg, Cohen-Wolkowiez); Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Evanston, IL USA (Dr. Green); Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA (Dr. Gonzalez); Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine (Drs. Swamy, Hughes). Sources of funding: Salary and/or research support for this project was provided by the Rheumatology Research Foundation’s Scientist Development Award, the Thrasher Research Fund, the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance/Arthritis Foundation, the Derfner Foundation, NIGMS/NICHD (2T32GM086330-06), NICHD (5R01-HD076676-04, HHSN275201000003I), and a Duke Health/Private Diagnostic Clinic ENABLE grant. Address correspondence to Stephen J. Balevic, MD, MHS; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, 2301 Erwin Road, CHC; Tel: 919-684-6575; Fax:919-684-6616; Email: stephen.balevic@duke.edu.
Christoph P. Hornik
From the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA (Drs. Balevic, Clowse, Eudy); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC USA (Drs. Balevic, Hornik, Maharaj, Schanberg, Cohen-Wolkowiez); Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA (Drs. Balevic, Hornik, Schanberg, Cohen-Wolkowiez); Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Evanston, IL USA (Dr. Green); Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA (Dr. Gonzalez); Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine (Drs. Swamy, Hughes). Sources of funding: Salary and/or research support for this project was provided by the Rheumatology Research Foundation’s Scientist Development Award, the Thrasher Research Fund, the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance/Arthritis Foundation, the Derfner Foundation, NIGMS/NICHD (2T32GM086330-06), NICHD (5R01-HD076676-04, HHSN275201000003I), and a Duke Health/Private Diagnostic Clinic ENABLE grant. Address correspondence to Stephen J. Balevic, MD, MHS; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, 2301 Erwin Road, CHC; Tel: 919-684-6575; Fax:919-684-6616; Email: stephen.balevic@duke.edu.
Thomas P. Green
From the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA (Drs. Balevic, Clowse, Eudy); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC USA (Drs. Balevic, Hornik, Maharaj, Schanberg, Cohen-Wolkowiez); Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA (Drs. Balevic, Hornik, Schanberg, Cohen-Wolkowiez); Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Evanston, IL USA (Dr. Green); Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA (Dr. Gonzalez); Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine (Drs. Swamy, Hughes). Sources of funding: Salary and/or research support for this project was provided by the Rheumatology Research Foundation’s Scientist Development Award, the Thrasher Research Fund, the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance/Arthritis Foundation, the Derfner Foundation, NIGMS/NICHD (2T32GM086330-06), NICHD (5R01-HD076676-04, HHSN275201000003I), and a Duke Health/Private Diagnostic Clinic ENABLE grant. Address correspondence to Stephen J. Balevic, MD, MHS; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, 2301 Erwin Road, CHC; Tel: 919-684-6575; Fax:919-684-6616; Email: stephen.balevic@duke.edu.
Megan E.B. Clowse
From the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA (Drs. Balevic, Clowse, Eudy); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC USA (Drs. Balevic, Hornik, Maharaj, Schanberg, Cohen-Wolkowiez); Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA (Drs. Balevic, Hornik, Schanberg, Cohen-Wolkowiez); Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Evanston, IL USA (Dr. Green); Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA (Dr. Gonzalez); Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine (Drs. Swamy, Hughes). Sources of funding: Salary and/or research support for this project was provided by the Rheumatology Research Foundation’s Scientist Development Award, the Thrasher Research Fund, the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance/Arthritis Foundation, the Derfner Foundation, NIGMS/NICHD (2T32GM086330-06), NICHD (5R01-HD076676-04, HHSN275201000003I), and a Duke Health/Private Diagnostic Clinic ENABLE grant. Address correspondence to Stephen J. Balevic, MD, MHS; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, 2301 Erwin Road, CHC; Tel: 919-684-6575; Fax:919-684-6616; Email: stephen.balevic@duke.edu.
Daniel Gonzalez
From the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA (Drs. Balevic, Clowse, Eudy); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC USA (Drs. Balevic, Hornik, Maharaj, Schanberg, Cohen-Wolkowiez); Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA (Drs. Balevic, Hornik, Schanberg, Cohen-Wolkowiez); Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Evanston, IL USA (Dr. Green); Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA (Dr. Gonzalez); Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine (Drs. Swamy, Hughes). Sources of funding: Salary and/or research support for this project was provided by the Rheumatology Research Foundation’s Scientist Development Award, the Thrasher Research Fund, the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance/Arthritis Foundation, the Derfner Foundation, NIGMS/NICHD (2T32GM086330-06), NICHD (5R01-HD076676-04, HHSN275201000003I), and a Duke Health/Private Diagnostic Clinic ENABLE grant. Address correspondence to Stephen J. Balevic, MD, MHS; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, 2301 Erwin Road, CHC; Tel: 919-684-6575; Fax:919-684-6616; Email: stephen.balevic@duke.edu.
Anil R. Maharaj
From the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA (Drs. Balevic, Clowse, Eudy); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC USA (Drs. Balevic, Hornik, Maharaj, Schanberg, Cohen-Wolkowiez); Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA (Drs. Balevic, Hornik, Schanberg, Cohen-Wolkowiez); Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Evanston, IL USA (Dr. Green); Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA (Dr. Gonzalez); Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine (Drs. Swamy, Hughes). Sources of funding: Salary and/or research support for this project was provided by the Rheumatology Research Foundation’s Scientist Development Award, the Thrasher Research Fund, the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance/Arthritis Foundation, the Derfner Foundation, NIGMS/NICHD (2T32GM086330-06), NICHD (5R01-HD076676-04, HHSN275201000003I), and a Duke Health/Private Diagnostic Clinic ENABLE grant. Address correspondence to Stephen J. Balevic, MD, MHS; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, 2301 Erwin Road, CHC; Tel: 919-684-6575; Fax:919-684-6616; Email: stephen.balevic@duke.edu.
Laura E. Schanberg
From the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA (Drs. Balevic, Clowse, Eudy); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC USA (Drs. Balevic, Hornik, Maharaj, Schanberg, Cohen-Wolkowiez); Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA (Drs. Balevic, Hornik, Schanberg, Cohen-Wolkowiez); Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Evanston, IL USA (Dr. Green); Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA (Dr. Gonzalez); Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine (Drs. Swamy, Hughes). Sources of funding: Salary and/or research support for this project was provided by the Rheumatology Research Foundation’s Scientist Development Award, the Thrasher Research Fund, the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance/Arthritis Foundation, the Derfner Foundation, NIGMS/NICHD (2T32GM086330-06), NICHD (5R01-HD076676-04, HHSN275201000003I), and a Duke Health/Private Diagnostic Clinic ENABLE grant. Address correspondence to Stephen J. Balevic, MD, MHS; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, 2301 Erwin Road, CHC; Tel: 919-684-6575; Fax:919-684-6616; Email: stephen.balevic@duke.edu.
Amanda M. Eudy
From the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA (Drs. Balevic, Clowse, Eudy); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC USA (Drs. Balevic, Hornik, Maharaj, Schanberg, Cohen-Wolkowiez); Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA (Drs. Balevic, Hornik, Schanberg, Cohen-Wolkowiez); Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Evanston, IL USA (Dr. Green); Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA (Dr. Gonzalez); Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine (Drs. Swamy, Hughes). Sources of funding: Salary and/or research support for this project was provided by the Rheumatology Research Foundation’s Scientist Development Award, the Thrasher Research Fund, the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance/Arthritis Foundation, the Derfner Foundation, NIGMS/NICHD (2T32GM086330-06), NICHD (5R01-HD076676-04, HHSN275201000003I), and a Duke Health/Private Diagnostic Clinic ENABLE grant. Address correspondence to Stephen J. Balevic, MD, MHS; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, 2301 Erwin Road, CHC; Tel: 919-684-6575; Fax:919-684-6616; Email: stephen.balevic@duke.edu.
Geeta K. Swamy
From the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA (Drs. Balevic, Clowse, Eudy); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC USA (Drs. Balevic, Hornik, Maharaj, Schanberg, Cohen-Wolkowiez); Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA (Drs. Balevic, Hornik, Schanberg, Cohen-Wolkowiez); Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Evanston, IL USA (Dr. Green); Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA (Dr. Gonzalez); Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine (Drs. Swamy, Hughes). Sources of funding: Salary and/or research support for this project was provided by the Rheumatology Research Foundation’s Scientist Development Award, the Thrasher Research Fund, the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance/Arthritis Foundation, the Derfner Foundation, NIGMS/NICHD (2T32GM086330-06), NICHD (5R01-HD076676-04, HHSN275201000003I), and a Duke Health/Private Diagnostic Clinic ENABLE grant. Address correspondence to Stephen J. Balevic, MD, MHS; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, 2301 Erwin Road, CHC; Tel: 919-684-6575; Fax:919-684-6616; Email: stephen.balevic@duke.edu.
Brenna L. Hughes
From the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA (Drs. Balevic, Clowse, Eudy); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC USA (Drs. Balevic, Hornik, Maharaj, Schanberg, Cohen-Wolkowiez); Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA (Drs. Balevic, Hornik, Schanberg, Cohen-Wolkowiez); Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Evanston, IL USA (Dr. Green); Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA (Dr. Gonzalez); Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine (Drs. Swamy, Hughes). Sources of funding: Salary and/or research support for this project was provided by the Rheumatology Research Foundation’s Scientist Development Award, the Thrasher Research Fund, the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance/Arthritis Foundation, the Derfner Foundation, NIGMS/NICHD (2T32GM086330-06), NICHD (5R01-HD076676-04, HHSN275201000003I), and a Duke Health/Private Diagnostic Clinic ENABLE grant. Address correspondence to Stephen J. Balevic, MD, MHS; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, 2301 Erwin Road, CHC; Tel: 919-684-6575; Fax:919-684-6616; Email: stephen.balevic@duke.edu.
Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez
From the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA (Drs. Balevic, Clowse, Eudy); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC USA (Drs. Balevic, Hornik, Maharaj, Schanberg, Cohen-Wolkowiez); Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA (Drs. Balevic, Hornik, Schanberg, Cohen-Wolkowiez); Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Evanston, IL USA (Dr. Green); Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA (Dr. Gonzalez); Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine (Drs. Swamy, Hughes). Sources of funding: Salary and/or research support for this project was provided by the Rheumatology Research Foundation’s Scientist Development Award, the Thrasher Research Fund, the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance/Arthritis Foundation, the Derfner Foundation, NIGMS/NICHD (2T32GM086330-06), NICHD (5R01-HD076676-04, HHSN275201000003I), and a Duke Health/Private Diagnostic Clinic ENABLE grant. Address correspondence to Stephen J. Balevic, MD, MHS; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, 2301 Erwin Road, CHC; Tel: 919-684-6575; Fax:919-684-6616; Email: stephen.balevic@duke.edu.
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- Published online May 11, 2020.
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© 2020 The Journal of Rheumatology
Author Information
- Stephen J. Balevic,
- Christoph P. Hornik,
- Thomas P. Green,
- Megan E.B. Clowse,
- Daniel Gonzalez,
- Anil R. Maharaj,
- Laura E. Schanberg,
- Amanda M. Eudy,
- Geeta K. Swamy,
- Brenna L. Hughes and
- Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez
- From the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA (Drs. Balevic, Clowse, Eudy); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC USA (Drs. Balevic, Hornik, Maharaj, Schanberg, Cohen-Wolkowiez); Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA (Drs. Balevic, Hornik, Schanberg, Cohen-Wolkowiez); Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Evanston, IL USA (Dr. Green); Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA (Dr. Gonzalez); Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine (Drs. Swamy, Hughes).
Sources of funding: Salary and/or research support for this project was provided by the Rheumatology Research Foundation’s Scientist Development Award, the Thrasher Research Fund, the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance/Arthritis Foundation, the Derfner Foundation, NIGMS/NICHD (2T32GM086330-06), NICHD (5R01-HD076676-04, HHSN275201000003I), and a Duke Health/Private Diagnostic Clinic ENABLE grant.
Address correspondence to Stephen J. Balevic, MD, MHS; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, 2301 Erwin Road, CHC; Tel: 919-684-6575; Fax:919-684-6616; Email: stephen.balevic@duke.edu.
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The Journal of Rheumatology
Vol. 51, Issue 4
1 Apr 2024
Accepted manuscript
Hydroxychloroquine in Patients with Rheumatic Disease Complicated by COVID-19: Clarifying Target Exposures and the Need for Clinical Trials
Stephen J. Balevic, Christoph P. Hornik, Thomas P. Green, Megan E.B. Clowse, Daniel Gonzalez, Anil R. Maharaj, Laura E. Schanberg, Amanda M. Eudy, Geeta K. Swamy, Brenna L. Hughes, Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez
The Journal of Rheumatology May 2020, jrheum.200493; DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.200493
Accepted manuscript
Hydroxychloroquine in Patients with Rheumatic Disease Complicated by COVID-19: Clarifying Target Exposures and the Need for Clinical Trials
Stephen J. Balevic, Christoph P. Hornik, Thomas P. Green, Megan E.B. Clowse, Daniel Gonzalez, Anil R. Maharaj, Laura E. Schanberg, Amanda M. Eudy, Geeta K. Swamy, Brenna L. Hughes, Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez
The Journal of Rheumatology May 2020, jrheum.200493; DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.200493