Research ArticleArticle
OMERACT Filter 2.1: Elaboration of the Conceptual Framework for Outcome Measurement in Health Intervention Studies
Maarten Boers, Dorcas E. Beaton, Beverley J. Shea, Lara J. Maxwell, Susan J. Bartlett, Clifton O. Bingham III, Philip G. Conaghan, Maria Antonietta D’Agostino, Maarten P. de Wit, Laure Gossec, Lyn March, Lee S. Simon, Jasvinder A. Singh, Vibeke Strand, George A. Wells and Peter Tugwell
The Journal of Rheumatology February 2019, jrheum.181096; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.181096
Maarten Boers
From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit; Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Work & Health and Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto; Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario; McGill Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama; Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, Boulogne-Billancourt; INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d’Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint- Quentin University, Saint-Quentin en Yvelines; Sorbonne Université; Pitié Salpêtrière hospital, AP-HP, Rheumatology Department, Paris, France; Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research; Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia. DEB, COB III, PGC, MAD, MPD, LG, LM, LS, JAS, VS, GAW, and PT are members of the executive of OMERACT, an organization that develops outcome measures in rheumatology and receives arms-length funding from 12 companies. PGC is funded in part by the NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the UK National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health. JAS is supported by the resources and use of the facilities at the VA Medical Center at Birmingham, Alabama, USA. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the US government. LM is a principal investigator on the Australian Rheumatology Association Database, which has received armslength funding from Pfizer Australia, AbbVie Australia, Eli Lilly Australia, and Janssen Australia. M. Boers, MD, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; D.E. Beaton, PhD, Senior Scientist, Institute for Work & Health, and Associate Professor, Institute Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; B.J. Shea, PhD, Senior Scientist, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; L.J. Maxwell, PhD, University of Ottawa and Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; S.J. Bartlett, PhD, Professor of Medicine, McGill University, Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre; M.A. D’Agostino, MD, PhD, AP-HP, Professor of Rheumatology, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, and INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d’Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University; M.P. de Wit, PhD, OMERACT Patient Research Partner, and Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; L. Gossec, MD, PhD, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology; L. March, MBBS, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Epidemiology, Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; L.S. Simon, MD, Co-Managing Director of SDG LLC; V. Strand, MD, Biopharmaceutical Consultant, Portola Valley, California, USA; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, Director, Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute. Address correspondence to Dr. M. Boers, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Accepted for publication December 6, 2018.
Dorcas E. Beaton
From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit; Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Work & Health and Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto; Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario; McGill Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama; Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, Boulogne-Billancourt; INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d’Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint- Quentin University, Saint-Quentin en Yvelines; Sorbonne Université; Pitié Salpêtrière hospital, AP-HP, Rheumatology Department, Paris, France; Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research; Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia. DEB, COB III, PGC, MAD, MPD, LG, LM, LS, JAS, VS, GAW, and PT are members of the executive of OMERACT, an organization that develops outcome measures in rheumatology and receives arms-length funding from 12 companies. PGC is funded in part by the NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the UK National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health. JAS is supported by the resources and use of the facilities at the VA Medical Center at Birmingham, Alabama, USA. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the US government. LM is a principal investigator on the Australian Rheumatology Association Database, which has received armslength funding from Pfizer Australia, AbbVie Australia, Eli Lilly Australia, and Janssen Australia. M. Boers, MD, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; D.E. Beaton, PhD, Senior Scientist, Institute for Work & Health, and Associate Professor, Institute Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; B.J. Shea, PhD, Senior Scientist, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; L.J. Maxwell, PhD, University of Ottawa and Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; S.J. Bartlett, PhD, Professor of Medicine, McGill University, Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre; M.A. D’Agostino, MD, PhD, AP-HP, Professor of Rheumatology, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, and INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d’Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University; M.P. de Wit, PhD, OMERACT Patient Research Partner, and Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; L. Gossec, MD, PhD, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology; L. March, MBBS, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Epidemiology, Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; L.S. Simon, MD, Co-Managing Director of SDG LLC; V. Strand, MD, Biopharmaceutical Consultant, Portola Valley, California, USA; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, Director, Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute. Address correspondence to Dr. M. Boers, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Accepted for publication December 6, 2018.
Beverley J. Shea
From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit; Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Work & Health and Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto; Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario; McGill Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama; Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, Boulogne-Billancourt; INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d’Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint- Quentin University, Saint-Quentin en Yvelines; Sorbonne Université; Pitié Salpêtrière hospital, AP-HP, Rheumatology Department, Paris, France; Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research; Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia. DEB, COB III, PGC, MAD, MPD, LG, LM, LS, JAS, VS, GAW, and PT are members of the executive of OMERACT, an organization that develops outcome measures in rheumatology and receives arms-length funding from 12 companies. PGC is funded in part by the NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the UK National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health. JAS is supported by the resources and use of the facilities at the VA Medical Center at Birmingham, Alabama, USA. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the US government. LM is a principal investigator on the Australian Rheumatology Association Database, which has received armslength funding from Pfizer Australia, AbbVie Australia, Eli Lilly Australia, and Janssen Australia. M. Boers, MD, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; D.E. Beaton, PhD, Senior Scientist, Institute for Work & Health, and Associate Professor, Institute Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; B.J. Shea, PhD, Senior Scientist, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; L.J. Maxwell, PhD, University of Ottawa and Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; S.J. Bartlett, PhD, Professor of Medicine, McGill University, Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre; M.A. D’Agostino, MD, PhD, AP-HP, Professor of Rheumatology, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, and INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d’Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University; M.P. de Wit, PhD, OMERACT Patient Research Partner, and Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; L. Gossec, MD, PhD, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology; L. March, MBBS, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Epidemiology, Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; L.S. Simon, MD, Co-Managing Director of SDG LLC; V. Strand, MD, Biopharmaceutical Consultant, Portola Valley, California, USA; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, Director, Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute. Address correspondence to Dr. M. Boers, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Accepted for publication December 6, 2018.
Lara J. Maxwell
From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit; Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Work & Health and Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto; Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario; McGill Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama; Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, Boulogne-Billancourt; INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d’Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint- Quentin University, Saint-Quentin en Yvelines; Sorbonne Université; Pitié Salpêtrière hospital, AP-HP, Rheumatology Department, Paris, France; Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research; Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia. DEB, COB III, PGC, MAD, MPD, LG, LM, LS, JAS, VS, GAW, and PT are members of the executive of OMERACT, an organization that develops outcome measures in rheumatology and receives arms-length funding from 12 companies. PGC is funded in part by the NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the UK National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health. JAS is supported by the resources and use of the facilities at the VA Medical Center at Birmingham, Alabama, USA. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the US government. LM is a principal investigator on the Australian Rheumatology Association Database, which has received armslength funding from Pfizer Australia, AbbVie Australia, Eli Lilly Australia, and Janssen Australia. M. Boers, MD, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; D.E. Beaton, PhD, Senior Scientist, Institute for Work & Health, and Associate Professor, Institute Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; B.J. Shea, PhD, Senior Scientist, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; L.J. Maxwell, PhD, University of Ottawa and Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; S.J. Bartlett, PhD, Professor of Medicine, McGill University, Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre; M.A. D’Agostino, MD, PhD, AP-HP, Professor of Rheumatology, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, and INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d’Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University; M.P. de Wit, PhD, OMERACT Patient Research Partner, and Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; L. Gossec, MD, PhD, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology; L. March, MBBS, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Epidemiology, Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; L.S. Simon, MD, Co-Managing Director of SDG LLC; V. Strand, MD, Biopharmaceutical Consultant, Portola Valley, California, USA; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, Director, Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute. Address correspondence to Dr. M. Boers, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Accepted for publication December 6, 2018.
Susan J. Bartlett
From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit; Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Work & Health and Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto; Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario; McGill Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama; Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, Boulogne-Billancourt; INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d’Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint- Quentin University, Saint-Quentin en Yvelines; Sorbonne Université; Pitié Salpêtrière hospital, AP-HP, Rheumatology Department, Paris, France; Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research; Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia. DEB, COB III, PGC, MAD, MPD, LG, LM, LS, JAS, VS, GAW, and PT are members of the executive of OMERACT, an organization that develops outcome measures in rheumatology and receives arms-length funding from 12 companies. PGC is funded in part by the NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the UK National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health. JAS is supported by the resources and use of the facilities at the VA Medical Center at Birmingham, Alabama, USA. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the US government. LM is a principal investigator on the Australian Rheumatology Association Database, which has received armslength funding from Pfizer Australia, AbbVie Australia, Eli Lilly Australia, and Janssen Australia. M. Boers, MD, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; D.E. Beaton, PhD, Senior Scientist, Institute for Work & Health, and Associate Professor, Institute Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; B.J. Shea, PhD, Senior Scientist, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; L.J. Maxwell, PhD, University of Ottawa and Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; S.J. Bartlett, PhD, Professor of Medicine, McGill University, Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre; M.A. D’Agostino, MD, PhD, AP-HP, Professor of Rheumatology, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, and INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d’Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University; M.P. de Wit, PhD, OMERACT Patient Research Partner, and Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; L. Gossec, MD, PhD, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology; L. March, MBBS, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Epidemiology, Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; L.S. Simon, MD, Co-Managing Director of SDG LLC; V. Strand, MD, Biopharmaceutical Consultant, Portola Valley, California, USA; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, Director, Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute. Address correspondence to Dr. M. Boers, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Accepted for publication December 6, 2018.
Clifton O. Bingham III
From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit; Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Work & Health and Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto; Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario; McGill Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama; Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, Boulogne-Billancourt; INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d’Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint- Quentin University, Saint-Quentin en Yvelines; Sorbonne Université; Pitié Salpêtrière hospital, AP-HP, Rheumatology Department, Paris, France; Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research; Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia. DEB, COB III, PGC, MAD, MPD, LG, LM, LS, JAS, VS, GAW, and PT are members of the executive of OMERACT, an organization that develops outcome measures in rheumatology and receives arms-length funding from 12 companies. PGC is funded in part by the NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the UK National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health. JAS is supported by the resources and use of the facilities at the VA Medical Center at Birmingham, Alabama, USA. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the US government. LM is a principal investigator on the Australian Rheumatology Association Database, which has received armslength funding from Pfizer Australia, AbbVie Australia, Eli Lilly Australia, and Janssen Australia. M. Boers, MD, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; D.E. Beaton, PhD, Senior Scientist, Institute for Work & Health, and Associate Professor, Institute Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; B.J. Shea, PhD, Senior Scientist, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; L.J. Maxwell, PhD, University of Ottawa and Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; S.J. Bartlett, PhD, Professor of Medicine, McGill University, Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre; M.A. D’Agostino, MD, PhD, AP-HP, Professor of Rheumatology, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, and INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d’Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University; M.P. de Wit, PhD, OMERACT Patient Research Partner, and Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; L. Gossec, MD, PhD, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology; L. March, MBBS, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Epidemiology, Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; L.S. Simon, MD, Co-Managing Director of SDG LLC; V. Strand, MD, Biopharmaceutical Consultant, Portola Valley, California, USA; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, Director, Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute. Address correspondence to Dr. M. Boers, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Accepted for publication December 6, 2018.
Philip G. Conaghan
From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit; Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Work & Health and Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto; Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario; McGill Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama; Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, Boulogne-Billancourt; INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d’Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint- Quentin University, Saint-Quentin en Yvelines; Sorbonne Université; Pitié Salpêtrière hospital, AP-HP, Rheumatology Department, Paris, France; Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research; Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia. DEB, COB III, PGC, MAD, MPD, LG, LM, LS, JAS, VS, GAW, and PT are members of the executive of OMERACT, an organization that develops outcome measures in rheumatology and receives arms-length funding from 12 companies. PGC is funded in part by the NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the UK National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health. JAS is supported by the resources and use of the facilities at the VA Medical Center at Birmingham, Alabama, USA. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the US government. LM is a principal investigator on the Australian Rheumatology Association Database, which has received armslength funding from Pfizer Australia, AbbVie Australia, Eli Lilly Australia, and Janssen Australia. M. Boers, MD, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; D.E. Beaton, PhD, Senior Scientist, Institute for Work & Health, and Associate Professor, Institute Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; B.J. Shea, PhD, Senior Scientist, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; L.J. Maxwell, PhD, University of Ottawa and Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; S.J. Bartlett, PhD, Professor of Medicine, McGill University, Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre; M.A. D’Agostino, MD, PhD, AP-HP, Professor of Rheumatology, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, and INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d’Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University; M.P. de Wit, PhD, OMERACT Patient Research Partner, and Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; L. Gossec, MD, PhD, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology; L. March, MBBS, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Epidemiology, Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; L.S. Simon, MD, Co-Managing Director of SDG LLC; V. Strand, MD, Biopharmaceutical Consultant, Portola Valley, California, USA; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, Director, Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute. Address correspondence to Dr. M. Boers, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Accepted for publication December 6, 2018.
Maria Antonietta D’Agostino
From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit; Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Work & Health and Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto; Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario; McGill Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama; Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, Boulogne-Billancourt; INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d’Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint- Quentin University, Saint-Quentin en Yvelines; Sorbonne Université; Pitié Salpêtrière hospital, AP-HP, Rheumatology Department, Paris, France; Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research; Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia. DEB, COB III, PGC, MAD, MPD, LG, LM, LS, JAS, VS, GAW, and PT are members of the executive of OMERACT, an organization that develops outcome measures in rheumatology and receives arms-length funding from 12 companies. PGC is funded in part by the NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the UK National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health. JAS is supported by the resources and use of the facilities at the VA Medical Center at Birmingham, Alabama, USA. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the US government. LM is a principal investigator on the Australian Rheumatology Association Database, which has received armslength funding from Pfizer Australia, AbbVie Australia, Eli Lilly Australia, and Janssen Australia. M. Boers, MD, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; D.E. Beaton, PhD, Senior Scientist, Institute for Work & Health, and Associate Professor, Institute Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; B.J. Shea, PhD, Senior Scientist, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; L.J. Maxwell, PhD, University of Ottawa and Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; S.J. Bartlett, PhD, Professor of Medicine, McGill University, Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre; M.A. D’Agostino, MD, PhD, AP-HP, Professor of Rheumatology, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, and INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d’Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University; M.P. de Wit, PhD, OMERACT Patient Research Partner, and Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; L. Gossec, MD, PhD, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology; L. March, MBBS, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Epidemiology, Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; L.S. Simon, MD, Co-Managing Director of SDG LLC; V. Strand, MD, Biopharmaceutical Consultant, Portola Valley, California, USA; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, Director, Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute. Address correspondence to Dr. M. Boers, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Accepted for publication December 6, 2018.
Maarten P. de Wit
From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit; Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Work & Health and Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto; Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario; McGill Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama; Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, Boulogne-Billancourt; INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d’Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint- Quentin University, Saint-Quentin en Yvelines; Sorbonne Université; Pitié Salpêtrière hospital, AP-HP, Rheumatology Department, Paris, France; Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research; Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia. DEB, COB III, PGC, MAD, MPD, LG, LM, LS, JAS, VS, GAW, and PT are members of the executive of OMERACT, an organization that develops outcome measures in rheumatology and receives arms-length funding from 12 companies. PGC is funded in part by the NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the UK National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health. JAS is supported by the resources and use of the facilities at the VA Medical Center at Birmingham, Alabama, USA. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the US government. LM is a principal investigator on the Australian Rheumatology Association Database, which has received armslength funding from Pfizer Australia, AbbVie Australia, Eli Lilly Australia, and Janssen Australia. M. Boers, MD, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; D.E. Beaton, PhD, Senior Scientist, Institute for Work & Health, and Associate Professor, Institute Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; B.J. Shea, PhD, Senior Scientist, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; L.J. Maxwell, PhD, University of Ottawa and Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; S.J. Bartlett, PhD, Professor of Medicine, McGill University, Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre; M.A. D’Agostino, MD, PhD, AP-HP, Professor of Rheumatology, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, and INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d’Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University; M.P. de Wit, PhD, OMERACT Patient Research Partner, and Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; L. Gossec, MD, PhD, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology; L. March, MBBS, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Epidemiology, Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; L.S. Simon, MD, Co-Managing Director of SDG LLC; V. Strand, MD, Biopharmaceutical Consultant, Portola Valley, California, USA; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, Director, Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute. Address correspondence to Dr. M. Boers, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Accepted for publication December 6, 2018.
Laure Gossec
From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit; Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Work & Health and Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto; Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario; McGill Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama; Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, Boulogne-Billancourt; INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d’Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint- Quentin University, Saint-Quentin en Yvelines; Sorbonne Université; Pitié Salpêtrière hospital, AP-HP, Rheumatology Department, Paris, France; Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research; Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia. DEB, COB III, PGC, MAD, MPD, LG, LM, LS, JAS, VS, GAW, and PT are members of the executive of OMERACT, an organization that develops outcome measures in rheumatology and receives arms-length funding from 12 companies. PGC is funded in part by the NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the UK National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health. JAS is supported by the resources and use of the facilities at the VA Medical Center at Birmingham, Alabama, USA. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the US government. LM is a principal investigator on the Australian Rheumatology Association Database, which has received armslength funding from Pfizer Australia, AbbVie Australia, Eli Lilly Australia, and Janssen Australia. M. Boers, MD, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; D.E. Beaton, PhD, Senior Scientist, Institute for Work & Health, and Associate Professor, Institute Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; B.J. Shea, PhD, Senior Scientist, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; L.J. Maxwell, PhD, University of Ottawa and Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; S.J. Bartlett, PhD, Professor of Medicine, McGill University, Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre; M.A. D’Agostino, MD, PhD, AP-HP, Professor of Rheumatology, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, and INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d’Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University; M.P. de Wit, PhD, OMERACT Patient Research Partner, and Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; L. Gossec, MD, PhD, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology; L. March, MBBS, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Epidemiology, Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; L.S. Simon, MD, Co-Managing Director of SDG LLC; V. Strand, MD, Biopharmaceutical Consultant, Portola Valley, California, USA; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, Director, Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute. Address correspondence to Dr. M. Boers, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Accepted for publication December 6, 2018.
Lyn March
From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit; Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Work & Health and Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto; Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario; McGill Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama; Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, Boulogne-Billancourt; INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d’Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint- Quentin University, Saint-Quentin en Yvelines; Sorbonne Université; Pitié Salpêtrière hospital, AP-HP, Rheumatology Department, Paris, France; Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research; Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia. DEB, COB III, PGC, MAD, MPD, LG, LM, LS, JAS, VS, GAW, and PT are members of the executive of OMERACT, an organization that develops outcome measures in rheumatology and receives arms-length funding from 12 companies. PGC is funded in part by the NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the UK National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health. JAS is supported by the resources and use of the facilities at the VA Medical Center at Birmingham, Alabama, USA. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the US government. LM is a principal investigator on the Australian Rheumatology Association Database, which has received armslength funding from Pfizer Australia, AbbVie Australia, Eli Lilly Australia, and Janssen Australia. M. Boers, MD, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; D.E. Beaton, PhD, Senior Scientist, Institute for Work & Health, and Associate Professor, Institute Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; B.J. Shea, PhD, Senior Scientist, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; L.J. Maxwell, PhD, University of Ottawa and Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; S.J. Bartlett, PhD, Professor of Medicine, McGill University, Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre; M.A. D’Agostino, MD, PhD, AP-HP, Professor of Rheumatology, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, and INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d’Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University; M.P. de Wit, PhD, OMERACT Patient Research Partner, and Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; L. Gossec, MD, PhD, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology; L. March, MBBS, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Epidemiology, Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; L.S. Simon, MD, Co-Managing Director of SDG LLC; V. Strand, MD, Biopharmaceutical Consultant, Portola Valley, California, USA; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, Director, Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute. Address correspondence to Dr. M. Boers, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Accepted for publication December 6, 2018.
Lee S. Simon
From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit; Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Work & Health and Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto; Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario; McGill Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama; Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, Boulogne-Billancourt; INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d’Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint- Quentin University, Saint-Quentin en Yvelines; Sorbonne Université; Pitié Salpêtrière hospital, AP-HP, Rheumatology Department, Paris, France; Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research; Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia. DEB, COB III, PGC, MAD, MPD, LG, LM, LS, JAS, VS, GAW, and PT are members of the executive of OMERACT, an organization that develops outcome measures in rheumatology and receives arms-length funding from 12 companies. PGC is funded in part by the NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the UK National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health. JAS is supported by the resources and use of the facilities at the VA Medical Center at Birmingham, Alabama, USA. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the US government. LM is a principal investigator on the Australian Rheumatology Association Database, which has received armslength funding from Pfizer Australia, AbbVie Australia, Eli Lilly Australia, and Janssen Australia. M. Boers, MD, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; D.E. Beaton, PhD, Senior Scientist, Institute for Work & Health, and Associate Professor, Institute Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; B.J. Shea, PhD, Senior Scientist, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; L.J. Maxwell, PhD, University of Ottawa and Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; S.J. Bartlett, PhD, Professor of Medicine, McGill University, Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre; M.A. D’Agostino, MD, PhD, AP-HP, Professor of Rheumatology, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, and INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d’Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University; M.P. de Wit, PhD, OMERACT Patient Research Partner, and Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; L. Gossec, MD, PhD, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology; L. March, MBBS, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Epidemiology, Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; L.S. Simon, MD, Co-Managing Director of SDG LLC; V. Strand, MD, Biopharmaceutical Consultant, Portola Valley, California, USA; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, Director, Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute. Address correspondence to Dr. M. Boers, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Accepted for publication December 6, 2018.
Jasvinder A. Singh
From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit; Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Work & Health and Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto; Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario; McGill Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama; Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, Boulogne-Billancourt; INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d’Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint- Quentin University, Saint-Quentin en Yvelines; Sorbonne Université; Pitié Salpêtrière hospital, AP-HP, Rheumatology Department, Paris, France; Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research; Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia. DEB, COB III, PGC, MAD, MPD, LG, LM, LS, JAS, VS, GAW, and PT are members of the executive of OMERACT, an organization that develops outcome measures in rheumatology and receives arms-length funding from 12 companies. PGC is funded in part by the NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the UK National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health. JAS is supported by the resources and use of the facilities at the VA Medical Center at Birmingham, Alabama, USA. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the US government. LM is a principal investigator on the Australian Rheumatology Association Database, which has received armslength funding from Pfizer Australia, AbbVie Australia, Eli Lilly Australia, and Janssen Australia. M. Boers, MD, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; D.E. Beaton, PhD, Senior Scientist, Institute for Work & Health, and Associate Professor, Institute Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; B.J. Shea, PhD, Senior Scientist, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; L.J. Maxwell, PhD, University of Ottawa and Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; S.J. Bartlett, PhD, Professor of Medicine, McGill University, Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre; M.A. D’Agostino, MD, PhD, AP-HP, Professor of Rheumatology, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, and INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d’Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University; M.P. de Wit, PhD, OMERACT Patient Research Partner, and Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; L. Gossec, MD, PhD, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology; L. March, MBBS, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Epidemiology, Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; L.S. Simon, MD, Co-Managing Director of SDG LLC; V. Strand, MD, Biopharmaceutical Consultant, Portola Valley, California, USA; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, Director, Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute. Address correspondence to Dr. M. Boers, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Accepted for publication December 6, 2018.
Vibeke Strand
From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit; Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Work & Health and Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto; Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario; McGill Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama; Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, Boulogne-Billancourt; INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d’Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint- Quentin University, Saint-Quentin en Yvelines; Sorbonne Université; Pitié Salpêtrière hospital, AP-HP, Rheumatology Department, Paris, France; Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research; Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia. DEB, COB III, PGC, MAD, MPD, LG, LM, LS, JAS, VS, GAW, and PT are members of the executive of OMERACT, an organization that develops outcome measures in rheumatology and receives arms-length funding from 12 companies. PGC is funded in part by the NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the UK National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health. JAS is supported by the resources and use of the facilities at the VA Medical Center at Birmingham, Alabama, USA. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the US government. LM is a principal investigator on the Australian Rheumatology Association Database, which has received armslength funding from Pfizer Australia, AbbVie Australia, Eli Lilly Australia, and Janssen Australia. M. Boers, MD, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; D.E. Beaton, PhD, Senior Scientist, Institute for Work & Health, and Associate Professor, Institute Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; B.J. Shea, PhD, Senior Scientist, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; L.J. Maxwell, PhD, University of Ottawa and Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; S.J. Bartlett, PhD, Professor of Medicine, McGill University, Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre; M.A. D’Agostino, MD, PhD, AP-HP, Professor of Rheumatology, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, and INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d’Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University; M.P. de Wit, PhD, OMERACT Patient Research Partner, and Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; L. Gossec, MD, PhD, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology; L. March, MBBS, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Epidemiology, Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; L.S. Simon, MD, Co-Managing Director of SDG LLC; V. Strand, MD, Biopharmaceutical Consultant, Portola Valley, California, USA; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, Director, Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute. Address correspondence to Dr. M. Boers, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Accepted for publication December 6, 2018.
George A. Wells
From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit; Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Work & Health and Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto; Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario; McGill Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama; Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, Boulogne-Billancourt; INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d’Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint- Quentin University, Saint-Quentin en Yvelines; Sorbonne Université; Pitié Salpêtrière hospital, AP-HP, Rheumatology Department, Paris, France; Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research; Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia. DEB, COB III, PGC, MAD, MPD, LG, LM, LS, JAS, VS, GAW, and PT are members of the executive of OMERACT, an organization that develops outcome measures in rheumatology and receives arms-length funding from 12 companies. PGC is funded in part by the NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the UK National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health. JAS is supported by the resources and use of the facilities at the VA Medical Center at Birmingham, Alabama, USA. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the US government. LM is a principal investigator on the Australian Rheumatology Association Database, which has received armslength funding from Pfizer Australia, AbbVie Australia, Eli Lilly Australia, and Janssen Australia. M. Boers, MD, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; D.E. Beaton, PhD, Senior Scientist, Institute for Work & Health, and Associate Professor, Institute Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; B.J. Shea, PhD, Senior Scientist, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; L.J. Maxwell, PhD, University of Ottawa and Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; S.J. Bartlett, PhD, Professor of Medicine, McGill University, Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre; M.A. D’Agostino, MD, PhD, AP-HP, Professor of Rheumatology, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, and INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d’Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University; M.P. de Wit, PhD, OMERACT Patient Research Partner, and Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; L. Gossec, MD, PhD, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology; L. March, MBBS, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Epidemiology, Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; L.S. Simon, MD, Co-Managing Director of SDG LLC; V. Strand, MD, Biopharmaceutical Consultant, Portola Valley, California, USA; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, Director, Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute. Address correspondence to Dr. M. Boers, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Accepted for publication December 6, 2018.
Peter Tugwell
From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit; Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Work & Health and Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto; Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario; McGill Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama; Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, Boulogne-Billancourt; INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d’Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint- Quentin University, Saint-Quentin en Yvelines; Sorbonne Université; Pitié Salpêtrière hospital, AP-HP, Rheumatology Department, Paris, France; Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research; Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia. DEB, COB III, PGC, MAD, MPD, LG, LM, LS, JAS, VS, GAW, and PT are members of the executive of OMERACT, an organization that develops outcome measures in rheumatology and receives arms-length funding from 12 companies. PGC is funded in part by the NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the UK National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health. JAS is supported by the resources and use of the facilities at the VA Medical Center at Birmingham, Alabama, USA. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the US government. LM is a principal investigator on the Australian Rheumatology Association Database, which has received armslength funding from Pfizer Australia, AbbVie Australia, Eli Lilly Australia, and Janssen Australia. M. Boers, MD, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; D.E. Beaton, PhD, Senior Scientist, Institute for Work & Health, and Associate Professor, Institute Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; B.J. Shea, PhD, Senior Scientist, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; L.J. Maxwell, PhD, University of Ottawa and Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; S.J. Bartlett, PhD, Professor of Medicine, McGill University, Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre; M.A. D’Agostino, MD, PhD, AP-HP, Professor of Rheumatology, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, and INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d’Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University; M.P. de Wit, PhD, OMERACT Patient Research Partner, and Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; L. Gossec, MD, PhD, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology; L. March, MBBS, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Epidemiology, Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; L.S. Simon, MD, Co-Managing Director of SDG LLC; V. Strand, MD, Biopharmaceutical Consultant, Portola Valley, California, USA; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, Director, Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute. Address correspondence to Dr. M. Boers, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Accepted for publication December 6, 2018.
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In this issue
The Journal of Rheumatology
Vol. 51, Issue 4
1 Apr 2024
OMERACT Filter 2.1: Elaboration of the Conceptual Framework for Outcome Measurement in Health Intervention Studies
Maarten Boers, Dorcas E. Beaton, Beverley J. Shea, Lara J. Maxwell, Susan J. Bartlett, Clifton O. Bingham, Philip G. Conaghan, Maria Antonietta D’Agostino, Maarten P. de Wit, Laure Gossec, Lyn March, Lee S. Simon, Jasvinder A. Singh, Vibeke Strand, George A. Wells, Peter Tugwell
The Journal of Rheumatology Feb 2019, jrheum.181096; DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.181096
OMERACT Filter 2.1: Elaboration of the Conceptual Framework for Outcome Measurement in Health Intervention Studies
Maarten Boers, Dorcas E. Beaton, Beverley J. Shea, Lara J. Maxwell, Susan J. Bartlett, Clifton O. Bingham, Philip G. Conaghan, Maria Antonietta D’Agostino, Maarten P. de Wit, Laure Gossec, Lyn March, Lee S. Simon, Jasvinder A. Singh, Vibeke Strand, George A. Wells, Peter Tugwell
The Journal of Rheumatology Feb 2019, jrheum.181096; DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.181096