Research ArticleArticle
Smoking Is Associated with Higher Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Longitudinal Study Controlling for Time-varying Covariates
Milena A. Gianfrancesco, Laura Trupin, Stephen Shiboski, Mark van der Laan, Jonathan Graf, John Imboden, Jinoos Yazdany and Gabriela Schmajuk
The Journal of Rheumatology December 2018, jrheum.180262; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.180262
Milena A. Gianfrancesco
From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA. This work was supported by the US National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (NIH; grant number F32 AR070585 to MG and K23 AR063770 to GS) and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (grant number R01 HS024412 to JY). Drs. Graf, Yazdany, and Schmajuk are also supported by the Russell/Engleman Medical Research Center for Arthritis. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality or the NIH. M.A. Gianfrancesco, PhD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; L. Trupin, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; S. Shiboski, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco; M. van der Laan, PhD, Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; J. Graf, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; J. Imboden, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; J. Yazdany, MD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; G. Schmajuk, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA. Address correspondence to Dr. M.A. Gianfrancesco, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; 513 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, California 94143, USA. E-mail: Milena.Gianfrancesco@ucsf.edu. Accepted for publication August 10, 2018.
Laura Trupin
From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA. This work was supported by the US National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (NIH; grant number F32 AR070585 to MG and K23 AR063770 to GS) and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (grant number R01 HS024412 to JY). Drs. Graf, Yazdany, and Schmajuk are also supported by the Russell/Engleman Medical Research Center for Arthritis. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality or the NIH. M.A. Gianfrancesco, PhD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; L. Trupin, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; S. Shiboski, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco; M. van der Laan, PhD, Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; J. Graf, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; J. Imboden, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; J. Yazdany, MD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; G. Schmajuk, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA. Address correspondence to Dr. M.A. Gianfrancesco, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; 513 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, California 94143, USA. E-mail: Milena.Gianfrancesco@ucsf.edu. Accepted for publication August 10, 2018.
Stephen Shiboski
From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA. This work was supported by the US National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (NIH; grant number F32 AR070585 to MG and K23 AR063770 to GS) and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (grant number R01 HS024412 to JY). Drs. Graf, Yazdany, and Schmajuk are also supported by the Russell/Engleman Medical Research Center for Arthritis. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality or the NIH. M.A. Gianfrancesco, PhD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; L. Trupin, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; S. Shiboski, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco; M. van der Laan, PhD, Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; J. Graf, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; J. Imboden, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; J. Yazdany, MD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; G. Schmajuk, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA. Address correspondence to Dr. M.A. Gianfrancesco, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; 513 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, California 94143, USA. E-mail: Milena.Gianfrancesco@ucsf.edu. Accepted for publication August 10, 2018.
Mark van der Laan
From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA. This work was supported by the US National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (NIH; grant number F32 AR070585 to MG and K23 AR063770 to GS) and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (grant number R01 HS024412 to JY). Drs. Graf, Yazdany, and Schmajuk are also supported by the Russell/Engleman Medical Research Center for Arthritis. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality or the NIH. M.A. Gianfrancesco, PhD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; L. Trupin, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; S. Shiboski, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco; M. van der Laan, PhD, Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; J. Graf, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; J. Imboden, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; J. Yazdany, MD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; G. Schmajuk, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA. Address correspondence to Dr. M.A. Gianfrancesco, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; 513 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, California 94143, USA. E-mail: Milena.Gianfrancesco@ucsf.edu. Accepted for publication August 10, 2018.
Jonathan Graf
From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA. This work was supported by the US National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (NIH; grant number F32 AR070585 to MG and K23 AR063770 to GS) and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (grant number R01 HS024412 to JY). Drs. Graf, Yazdany, and Schmajuk are also supported by the Russell/Engleman Medical Research Center for Arthritis. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality or the NIH. M.A. Gianfrancesco, PhD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; L. Trupin, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; S. Shiboski, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco; M. van der Laan, PhD, Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; J. Graf, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; J. Imboden, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; J. Yazdany, MD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; G. Schmajuk, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA. Address correspondence to Dr. M.A. Gianfrancesco, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; 513 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, California 94143, USA. E-mail: Milena.Gianfrancesco@ucsf.edu. Accepted for publication August 10, 2018.
John Imboden
From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA. This work was supported by the US National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (NIH; grant number F32 AR070585 to MG and K23 AR063770 to GS) and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (grant number R01 HS024412 to JY). Drs. Graf, Yazdany, and Schmajuk are also supported by the Russell/Engleman Medical Research Center for Arthritis. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality or the NIH. M.A. Gianfrancesco, PhD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; L. Trupin, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; S. Shiboski, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco; M. van der Laan, PhD, Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; J. Graf, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; J. Imboden, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; J. Yazdany, MD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; G. Schmajuk, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA. Address correspondence to Dr. M.A. Gianfrancesco, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; 513 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, California 94143, USA. E-mail: Milena.Gianfrancesco@ucsf.edu. Accepted for publication August 10, 2018.
Jinoos Yazdany
From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA. This work was supported by the US National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (NIH; grant number F32 AR070585 to MG and K23 AR063770 to GS) and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (grant number R01 HS024412 to JY). Drs. Graf, Yazdany, and Schmajuk are also supported by the Russell/Engleman Medical Research Center for Arthritis. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality or the NIH. M.A. Gianfrancesco, PhD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; L. Trupin, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; S. Shiboski, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco; M. van der Laan, PhD, Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; J. Graf, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; J. Imboden, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; J. Yazdany, MD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; G. Schmajuk, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA. Address correspondence to Dr. M.A. Gianfrancesco, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; 513 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, California 94143, USA. E-mail: Milena.Gianfrancesco@ucsf.edu. Accepted for publication August 10, 2018.
Gabriela Schmajuk
From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA. This work was supported by the US National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (NIH; grant number F32 AR070585 to MG and K23 AR063770 to GS) and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (grant number R01 HS024412 to JY). Drs. Graf, Yazdany, and Schmajuk are also supported by the Russell/Engleman Medical Research Center for Arthritis. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality or the NIH. M.A. Gianfrancesco, PhD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; L. Trupin, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; S. Shiboski, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco; M. van der Laan, PhD, Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; J. Graf, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; J. Imboden, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; J. Yazdany, MD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; G. Schmajuk, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA. Address correspondence to Dr. M.A. Gianfrancesco, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; 513 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, California 94143, USA. E-mail: Milena.Gianfrancesco@ucsf.edu. Accepted for publication August 10, 2018.
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The Journal of Rheumatology
Vol. 51, Issue 3
1 Mar 2024
Smoking Is Associated with Higher Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Longitudinal Study Controlling for Time-varying Covariates
Milena A. Gianfrancesco, Laura Trupin, Stephen Shiboski, Mark van der Laan, Jonathan Graf, John Imboden, Jinoos Yazdany, Gabriela Schmajuk
The Journal of Rheumatology Dec 2018, jrheum.180262; DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.180262
Smoking Is Associated with Higher Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Longitudinal Study Controlling for Time-varying Covariates
Milena A. Gianfrancesco, Laura Trupin, Stephen Shiboski, Mark van der Laan, Jonathan Graf, John Imboden, Jinoos Yazdany, Gabriela Schmajuk
The Journal of Rheumatology Dec 2018, jrheum.180262; DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.180262