Research ArticleArticle
The Framingham Score and the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation at Low Cutoff Values Are Useful Surrogate Markers of High-risk Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Patrick H. Dessein, Alfonso Corrales, Raquel Lopez-Mejias, Ahmed Solomon, Angela J. Woodiwiss, Javier Llorca, Gavin R. Norton, Fernanda Genre, Ricardo Blanco, Trinitario Pina, Carlos Gonzalez-Juanatey, Linda Tsang and Miguel A. Gonzalez-Gay
The Journal of Rheumatology January 2016, jrheum.150510; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.150510
Patrick H. Dessein
From the Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; Department of Rheumatology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Instituto de Investigación Santaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL); Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), IDIVAL, Santander; Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Division of Rheumatology, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Supported by grants from “Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias” PI06/0024, PS09/00748, and PI12/00060 (Spain). Partially supported by RETICS Program, RD08/0075, and RD12/0009/0013 (RIER) from “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” (ISCIII; Spain). Research performed by Patrick Dessein was supported by the South African Medical Research Council and the National Research Foundation. P.H. Dessein, MD, FCP (SA), FRCP (UK), PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; A. Corrales, MD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL; R. Lopez-Mejias, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL; A. Solomon, MBChB, FCP (SA), Department of Rheumatology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; A.J. Woodiwiss, PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; J. Llorca, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; G.R. Norton, MBChB, PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; F. Genre, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; R. Blanco, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; T. Pina, MD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; C. Gonzalez-Juanatey, MD, PhD, Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti; L. Tsang, Honorary Researcher, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; M.A. Gonzalez-Gay, MD, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL, and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, and IDIS, Division of Rheumatology, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela. Address correspondence to Dr. P.H. Dessein, P.O. Box 1012, Melville 2109, Johannesburg, South Africa. E-mail: dessein@telkomsa.net. Accepted for publication October 31, 2015.
Alfonso Corrales
From the Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; Department of Rheumatology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Instituto de Investigación Santaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL); Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), IDIVAL, Santander; Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Division of Rheumatology, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Supported by grants from “Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias” PI06/0024, PS09/00748, and PI12/00060 (Spain). Partially supported by RETICS Program, RD08/0075, and RD12/0009/0013 (RIER) from “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” (ISCIII; Spain). Research performed by Patrick Dessein was supported by the South African Medical Research Council and the National Research Foundation. P.H. Dessein, MD, FCP (SA), FRCP (UK), PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; A. Corrales, MD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL; R. Lopez-Mejias, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL; A. Solomon, MBChB, FCP (SA), Department of Rheumatology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; A.J. Woodiwiss, PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; J. Llorca, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; G.R. Norton, MBChB, PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; F. Genre, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; R. Blanco, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; T. Pina, MD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; C. Gonzalez-Juanatey, MD, PhD, Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti; L. Tsang, Honorary Researcher, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; M.A. Gonzalez-Gay, MD, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL, and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, and IDIS, Division of Rheumatology, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela. Address correspondence to Dr. P.H. Dessein, P.O. Box 1012, Melville 2109, Johannesburg, South Africa. E-mail: dessein@telkomsa.net. Accepted for publication October 31, 2015.
Raquel Lopez-Mejias
From the Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; Department of Rheumatology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Instituto de Investigación Santaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL); Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), IDIVAL, Santander; Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Division of Rheumatology, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Supported by grants from “Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias” PI06/0024, PS09/00748, and PI12/00060 (Spain). Partially supported by RETICS Program, RD08/0075, and RD12/0009/0013 (RIER) from “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” (ISCIII; Spain). Research performed by Patrick Dessein was supported by the South African Medical Research Council and the National Research Foundation. P.H. Dessein, MD, FCP (SA), FRCP (UK), PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; A. Corrales, MD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL; R. Lopez-Mejias, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL; A. Solomon, MBChB, FCP (SA), Department of Rheumatology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; A.J. Woodiwiss, PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; J. Llorca, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; G.R. Norton, MBChB, PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; F. Genre, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; R. Blanco, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; T. Pina, MD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; C. Gonzalez-Juanatey, MD, PhD, Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti; L. Tsang, Honorary Researcher, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; M.A. Gonzalez-Gay, MD, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL, and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, and IDIS, Division of Rheumatology, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela. Address correspondence to Dr. P.H. Dessein, P.O. Box 1012, Melville 2109, Johannesburg, South Africa. E-mail: dessein@telkomsa.net. Accepted for publication October 31, 2015.
Ahmed Solomon
From the Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; Department of Rheumatology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Instituto de Investigación Santaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL); Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), IDIVAL, Santander; Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Division of Rheumatology, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Supported by grants from “Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias” PI06/0024, PS09/00748, and PI12/00060 (Spain). Partially supported by RETICS Program, RD08/0075, and RD12/0009/0013 (RIER) from “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” (ISCIII; Spain). Research performed by Patrick Dessein was supported by the South African Medical Research Council and the National Research Foundation. P.H. Dessein, MD, FCP (SA), FRCP (UK), PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; A. Corrales, MD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL; R. Lopez-Mejias, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL; A. Solomon, MBChB, FCP (SA), Department of Rheumatology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; A.J. Woodiwiss, PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; J. Llorca, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; G.R. Norton, MBChB, PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; F. Genre, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; R. Blanco, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; T. Pina, MD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; C. Gonzalez-Juanatey, MD, PhD, Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti; L. Tsang, Honorary Researcher, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; M.A. Gonzalez-Gay, MD, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL, and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, and IDIS, Division of Rheumatology, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela. Address correspondence to Dr. P.H. Dessein, P.O. Box 1012, Melville 2109, Johannesburg, South Africa. E-mail: dessein@telkomsa.net. Accepted for publication October 31, 2015.
Angela J. Woodiwiss
From the Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; Department of Rheumatology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Instituto de Investigación Santaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL); Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), IDIVAL, Santander; Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Division of Rheumatology, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Supported by grants from “Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias” PI06/0024, PS09/00748, and PI12/00060 (Spain). Partially supported by RETICS Program, RD08/0075, and RD12/0009/0013 (RIER) from “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” (ISCIII; Spain). Research performed by Patrick Dessein was supported by the South African Medical Research Council and the National Research Foundation. P.H. Dessein, MD, FCP (SA), FRCP (UK), PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; A. Corrales, MD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL; R. Lopez-Mejias, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL; A. Solomon, MBChB, FCP (SA), Department of Rheumatology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; A.J. Woodiwiss, PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; J. Llorca, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; G.R. Norton, MBChB, PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; F. Genre, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; R. Blanco, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; T. Pina, MD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; C. Gonzalez-Juanatey, MD, PhD, Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti; L. Tsang, Honorary Researcher, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; M.A. Gonzalez-Gay, MD, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL, and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, and IDIS, Division of Rheumatology, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela. Address correspondence to Dr. P.H. Dessein, P.O. Box 1012, Melville 2109, Johannesburg, South Africa. E-mail: dessein@telkomsa.net. Accepted for publication October 31, 2015.
Javier Llorca
From the Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; Department of Rheumatology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Instituto de Investigación Santaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL); Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), IDIVAL, Santander; Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Division of Rheumatology, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Supported by grants from “Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias” PI06/0024, PS09/00748, and PI12/00060 (Spain). Partially supported by RETICS Program, RD08/0075, and RD12/0009/0013 (RIER) from “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” (ISCIII; Spain). Research performed by Patrick Dessein was supported by the South African Medical Research Council and the National Research Foundation. P.H. Dessein, MD, FCP (SA), FRCP (UK), PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; A. Corrales, MD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL; R. Lopez-Mejias, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL; A. Solomon, MBChB, FCP (SA), Department of Rheumatology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; A.J. Woodiwiss, PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; J. Llorca, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; G.R. Norton, MBChB, PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; F. Genre, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; R. Blanco, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; T. Pina, MD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; C. Gonzalez-Juanatey, MD, PhD, Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti; L. Tsang, Honorary Researcher, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; M.A. Gonzalez-Gay, MD, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL, and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, and IDIS, Division of Rheumatology, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela. Address correspondence to Dr. P.H. Dessein, P.O. Box 1012, Melville 2109, Johannesburg, South Africa. E-mail: dessein@telkomsa.net. Accepted for publication October 31, 2015.
Gavin R. Norton
From the Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; Department of Rheumatology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Instituto de Investigación Santaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL); Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), IDIVAL, Santander; Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Division of Rheumatology, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Supported by grants from “Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias” PI06/0024, PS09/00748, and PI12/00060 (Spain). Partially supported by RETICS Program, RD08/0075, and RD12/0009/0013 (RIER) from “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” (ISCIII; Spain). Research performed by Patrick Dessein was supported by the South African Medical Research Council and the National Research Foundation. P.H. Dessein, MD, FCP (SA), FRCP (UK), PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; A. Corrales, MD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL; R. Lopez-Mejias, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL; A. Solomon, MBChB, FCP (SA), Department of Rheumatology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; A.J. Woodiwiss, PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; J. Llorca, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; G.R. Norton, MBChB, PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; F. Genre, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; R. Blanco, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; T. Pina, MD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; C. Gonzalez-Juanatey, MD, PhD, Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti; L. Tsang, Honorary Researcher, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; M.A. Gonzalez-Gay, MD, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL, and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, and IDIS, Division of Rheumatology, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela. Address correspondence to Dr. P.H. Dessein, P.O. Box 1012, Melville 2109, Johannesburg, South Africa. E-mail: dessein@telkomsa.net. Accepted for publication October 31, 2015.
Fernanda Genre
From the Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; Department of Rheumatology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Instituto de Investigación Santaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL); Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), IDIVAL, Santander; Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Division of Rheumatology, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Supported by grants from “Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias” PI06/0024, PS09/00748, and PI12/00060 (Spain). Partially supported by RETICS Program, RD08/0075, and RD12/0009/0013 (RIER) from “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” (ISCIII; Spain). Research performed by Patrick Dessein was supported by the South African Medical Research Council and the National Research Foundation. P.H. Dessein, MD, FCP (SA), FRCP (UK), PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; A. Corrales, MD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL; R. Lopez-Mejias, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL; A. Solomon, MBChB, FCP (SA), Department of Rheumatology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; A.J. Woodiwiss, PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; J. Llorca, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; G.R. Norton, MBChB, PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; F. Genre, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; R. Blanco, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; T. Pina, MD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; C. Gonzalez-Juanatey, MD, PhD, Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti; L. Tsang, Honorary Researcher, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; M.A. Gonzalez-Gay, MD, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL, and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, and IDIS, Division of Rheumatology, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela. Address correspondence to Dr. P.H. Dessein, P.O. Box 1012, Melville 2109, Johannesburg, South Africa. E-mail: dessein@telkomsa.net. Accepted for publication October 31, 2015.
Ricardo Blanco
From the Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; Department of Rheumatology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Instituto de Investigación Santaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL); Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), IDIVAL, Santander; Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Division of Rheumatology, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Supported by grants from “Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias” PI06/0024, PS09/00748, and PI12/00060 (Spain). Partially supported by RETICS Program, RD08/0075, and RD12/0009/0013 (RIER) from “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” (ISCIII; Spain). Research performed by Patrick Dessein was supported by the South African Medical Research Council and the National Research Foundation. P.H. Dessein, MD, FCP (SA), FRCP (UK), PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; A. Corrales, MD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL; R. Lopez-Mejias, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL; A. Solomon, MBChB, FCP (SA), Department of Rheumatology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; A.J. Woodiwiss, PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; J. Llorca, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; G.R. Norton, MBChB, PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; F. Genre, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; R. Blanco, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; T. Pina, MD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; C. Gonzalez-Juanatey, MD, PhD, Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti; L. Tsang, Honorary Researcher, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; M.A. Gonzalez-Gay, MD, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL, and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, and IDIS, Division of Rheumatology, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela. Address correspondence to Dr. P.H. Dessein, P.O. Box 1012, Melville 2109, Johannesburg, South Africa. E-mail: dessein@telkomsa.net. Accepted for publication October 31, 2015.
Trinitario Pina
From the Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; Department of Rheumatology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Instituto de Investigación Santaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL); Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), IDIVAL, Santander; Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Division of Rheumatology, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Supported by grants from “Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias” PI06/0024, PS09/00748, and PI12/00060 (Spain). Partially supported by RETICS Program, RD08/0075, and RD12/0009/0013 (RIER) from “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” (ISCIII; Spain). Research performed by Patrick Dessein was supported by the South African Medical Research Council and the National Research Foundation. P.H. Dessein, MD, FCP (SA), FRCP (UK), PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; A. Corrales, MD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL; R. Lopez-Mejias, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL; A. Solomon, MBChB, FCP (SA), Department of Rheumatology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; A.J. Woodiwiss, PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; J. Llorca, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; G.R. Norton, MBChB, PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; F. Genre, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; R. Blanco, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; T. Pina, MD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; C. Gonzalez-Juanatey, MD, PhD, Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti; L. Tsang, Honorary Researcher, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; M.A. Gonzalez-Gay, MD, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL, and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, and IDIS, Division of Rheumatology, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela. Address correspondence to Dr. P.H. Dessein, P.O. Box 1012, Melville 2109, Johannesburg, South Africa. E-mail: dessein@telkomsa.net. Accepted for publication October 31, 2015.
Carlos Gonzalez-Juanatey
From the Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; Department of Rheumatology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Instituto de Investigación Santaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL); Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), IDIVAL, Santander; Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Division of Rheumatology, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Supported by grants from “Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias” PI06/0024, PS09/00748, and PI12/00060 (Spain). Partially supported by RETICS Program, RD08/0075, and RD12/0009/0013 (RIER) from “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” (ISCIII; Spain). Research performed by Patrick Dessein was supported by the South African Medical Research Council and the National Research Foundation. P.H. Dessein, MD, FCP (SA), FRCP (UK), PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; A. Corrales, MD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL; R. Lopez-Mejias, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL; A. Solomon, MBChB, FCP (SA), Department of Rheumatology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; A.J. Woodiwiss, PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; J. Llorca, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; G.R. Norton, MBChB, PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; F. Genre, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; R. Blanco, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; T. Pina, MD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; C. Gonzalez-Juanatey, MD, PhD, Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti; L. Tsang, Honorary Researcher, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; M.A. Gonzalez-Gay, MD, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL, and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, and IDIS, Division of Rheumatology, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela. Address correspondence to Dr. P.H. Dessein, P.O. Box 1012, Melville 2109, Johannesburg, South Africa. E-mail: dessein@telkomsa.net. Accepted for publication October 31, 2015.
Linda Tsang
From the Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; Department of Rheumatology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Instituto de Investigación Santaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL); Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), IDIVAL, Santander; Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Division of Rheumatology, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Supported by grants from “Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias” PI06/0024, PS09/00748, and PI12/00060 (Spain). Partially supported by RETICS Program, RD08/0075, and RD12/0009/0013 (RIER) from “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” (ISCIII; Spain). Research performed by Patrick Dessein was supported by the South African Medical Research Council and the National Research Foundation. P.H. Dessein, MD, FCP (SA), FRCP (UK), PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; A. Corrales, MD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL; R. Lopez-Mejias, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL; A. Solomon, MBChB, FCP (SA), Department of Rheumatology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; A.J. Woodiwiss, PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; J. Llorca, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; G.R. Norton, MBChB, PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; F. Genre, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; R. Blanco, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; T. Pina, MD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; C. Gonzalez-Juanatey, MD, PhD, Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti; L. Tsang, Honorary Researcher, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; M.A. Gonzalez-Gay, MD, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL, and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, and IDIS, Division of Rheumatology, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela. Address correspondence to Dr. P.H. Dessein, P.O. Box 1012, Melville 2109, Johannesburg, South Africa. E-mail: dessein@telkomsa.net. Accepted for publication October 31, 2015.
Miguel A. Gonzalez-Gay
From the Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; Department of Rheumatology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Instituto de Investigación Santaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL); Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), IDIVAL, Santander; Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Division of Rheumatology, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Supported by grants from “Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias” PI06/0024, PS09/00748, and PI12/00060 (Spain). Partially supported by RETICS Program, RD08/0075, and RD12/0009/0013 (RIER) from “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” (ISCIII; Spain). Research performed by Patrick Dessein was supported by the South African Medical Research Council and the National Research Foundation. P.H. Dessein, MD, FCP (SA), FRCP (UK), PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; A. Corrales, MD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL; R. Lopez-Mejias, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL; A. Solomon, MBChB, FCP (SA), Department of Rheumatology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; A.J. Woodiwiss, PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; J. Llorca, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; G.R. Norton, MBChB, PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; F. Genre, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; R. Blanco, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; T. Pina, MD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; C. Gonzalez-Juanatey, MD, PhD, Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti; L. Tsang, Honorary Researcher, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; M.A. Gonzalez-Gay, MD, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL, and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, and IDIS, Division of Rheumatology, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela. Address correspondence to Dr. P.H. Dessein, P.O. Box 1012, Melville 2109, Johannesburg, South Africa. E-mail: dessein@telkomsa.net. Accepted for publication October 31, 2015.
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- Published online January 15, 2016.
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- Patrick H. Dessein,
- Alfonso Corrales,
- Raquel Lopez-Mejias,
- Ahmed Solomon,
- Angela J. Woodiwiss,
- Javier Llorca,
- Gavin R. Norton,
- Fernanda Genre,
- Ricardo Blanco,
- Trinitario Pina,
- Carlos Gonzalez-Juanatey,
- Linda Tsang and
- Miguel A. Gonzalez-Gay
- From the Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; Department of Rheumatology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Instituto de Investigación Santaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL); Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), IDIVAL, Santander; Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Division of Rheumatology, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Supported by grants from “Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias” PI06/0024, PS09/00748, and PI12/00060 (Spain). Partially supported by RETICS Program, RD08/0075, and RD12/0009/0013 (RIER) from “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” (ISCIII; Spain). Research performed by Patrick Dessein was supported by the South African Medical Research Council and the National Research Foundation.
P.H. Dessein, MD, FCP (SA), FRCP (UK), PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; A. Corrales, MD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL; R. Lopez-Mejias, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL; A. Solomon, MBChB, FCP (SA), Department of Rheumatology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; A.J. Woodiwiss, PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; J. Llorca, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; G.R. Norton, MBChB, PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; F. Genre, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; R. Blanco, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; T. Pina, MD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; C. Gonzalez-Juanatey, MD, PhD, Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti; L. Tsang, Honorary Researcher, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; M.A. Gonzalez-Gay, MD, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL, and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, and IDIS, Division of Rheumatology, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela.
Address correspondence to Dr. P.H. Dessein, P.O. Box 1012, Melville 2109, Johannesburg, South Africa. E-mail: dessein@telkomsa.net.
Accepted for publication October 31, 2015.
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The Journal of Rheumatology
Vol. 51, Issue 4
1 Apr 2024
The Framingham Score and the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation at Low Cutoff Values Are Useful Surrogate Markers of High-risk Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Patrick H. Dessein, Alfonso Corrales, Raquel Lopez-Mejias, Ahmed Solomon, Angela J. Woodiwiss, Javier Llorca, Gavin R. Norton, Fernanda Genre, Ricardo Blanco, Trinitario Pina, Carlos Gonzalez-Juanatey, Linda Tsang, Miguel A. Gonzalez-Gay
The Journal of Rheumatology Jan 2016, jrheum.150510; DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.150510
The Framingham Score and the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation at Low Cutoff Values Are Useful Surrogate Markers of High-risk Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Patrick H. Dessein, Alfonso Corrales, Raquel Lopez-Mejias, Ahmed Solomon, Angela J. Woodiwiss, Javier Llorca, Gavin R. Norton, Fernanda Genre, Ricardo Blanco, Trinitario Pina, Carlos Gonzalez-Juanatey, Linda Tsang, Miguel A. Gonzalez-Gay
The Journal of Rheumatology Jan 2016, jrheum.150510; DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.150510