Research ArticleArticle
Is Chronic Pain a Disease in Its Own Right? Discussions from a Pre-OMERACT 2014 Workshop on Chronic Pain
Ann M. Taylor, Kristine Phillips, Justin O. Taylor, Jasvinder A. Singh, Philip G. Conaghan, Ernest H. Choy, Peter S. Tugwell, Ulrike Kaiser, Vibeke Strand, Lee S. Simon and Philip J. Mease
The Journal of Rheumatology July 2015, jrheum.141328; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.141328
Ann M. Taylor
From Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Barry Chiropractic Clinic, Cardiff; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Birmingham; Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA. Authors were funded as follows: Dr. Conaghan, in part by Arthritis Research UK; Dr. Singh, by grants from the Agency for Health Quality and Research Center for Education and Research on Therapeutics U19 HS021110, US National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases P50 AR060772 and U34 AR062891, US National Institute on Aging U01 AG018947, US National Cancer Institute U10 CA149950; by resources and use of facilities at the VA Medical Center at Birmingham, Alabama; and by research contract CE-1304-6631 from the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute; Dr. Choy, from the Arthritis Research UK and National Institute for Social Care and Health Research; and Dr. Kaiser, by a grant from the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF 01GY1326). Financial disclosures are as follows: Dr. Singh, research grants from Takeda and Savient and consultant fees from Savient, Takeda, Regeneron, and Allergan; on the executive of OMERACT, which receives arms-length funding from 36 companies; member of the American College of Rheumatology’s Guidelines Subcommittee of the Quality of Care Committee; and member of the Veterans Affairs Rheumatology Field Advisory Committee. Dr. Choy, research grants, membership on advisory boards and speaker bureaus of Abbott Laboratories, Allergan, Amgen, AstraZeneca, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chelsea Therapeutics, Chugai Pharma, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Ferring Pharmaceutical, GSK, Hospita, ISIS, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, MedImmune, Merrimack Pharmaceutical, MSD, Napp, Novimmune, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre Medicament, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, Schering Plough, Synovate, Tonix, and UCB. Lee Simon: Nicox, Fidelity, Extera, Wyeth, Asahi, Sammuded, Metabolex, SarCode, Anthera, Antares, Vical, Daiichi Sankyo, Rigel, Bayer, Solace, Puretechventures, Abbott, Omeros, Jazz, Takeda, Teva, Zydus, Alder, Cephalon, Purdue, EMDSerono, Altea, Talagen, Tigenix, Agenus, Forest, Genzyme, Horizon, Pozen, ILPharma, Analgesic Solutions, Creabilis, Kowa, Array, JRX Biopharm, Imprimis, Dara, Genco, Neos, Bayer Consumer, Sanofi, Lilly, Idera, Medac, Inotec, Osteoanalgesia, and Akron. A.M. Taylor, PhD, Cardiff University; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; J.O. Taylor, BSc, Barry Chiropractic Clinic; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; P.S. Tugwell, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; E.H. Choy, MD, FRCP, Cardiff University; U. Kaiser, Dr. rer. Nat. Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; P.J. Mease, MD, Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington; V. Strand, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University; L.S. Simon, SDG LLC. Address correspondence to A.M. Taylor, Cardiff University, Heath Park Site, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK. E-mail: Tayloram@cardiff.ac.uk
Kristine Phillips
From Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Barry Chiropractic Clinic, Cardiff; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Birmingham; Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA. Authors were funded as follows: Dr. Conaghan, in part by Arthritis Research UK; Dr. Singh, by grants from the Agency for Health Quality and Research Center for Education and Research on Therapeutics U19 HS021110, US National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases P50 AR060772 and U34 AR062891, US National Institute on Aging U01 AG018947, US National Cancer Institute U10 CA149950; by resources and use of facilities at the VA Medical Center at Birmingham, Alabama; and by research contract CE-1304-6631 from the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute; Dr. Choy, from the Arthritis Research UK and National Institute for Social Care and Health Research; and Dr. Kaiser, by a grant from the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF 01GY1326). Financial disclosures are as follows: Dr. Singh, research grants from Takeda and Savient and consultant fees from Savient, Takeda, Regeneron, and Allergan; on the executive of OMERACT, which receives arms-length funding from 36 companies; member of the American College of Rheumatology’s Guidelines Subcommittee of the Quality of Care Committee; and member of the Veterans Affairs Rheumatology Field Advisory Committee. Dr. Choy, research grants, membership on advisory boards and speaker bureaus of Abbott Laboratories, Allergan, Amgen, AstraZeneca, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chelsea Therapeutics, Chugai Pharma, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Ferring Pharmaceutical, GSK, Hospita, ISIS, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, MedImmune, Merrimack Pharmaceutical, MSD, Napp, Novimmune, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre Medicament, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, Schering Plough, Synovate, Tonix, and UCB. Lee Simon: Nicox, Fidelity, Extera, Wyeth, Asahi, Sammuded, Metabolex, SarCode, Anthera, Antares, Vical, Daiichi Sankyo, Rigel, Bayer, Solace, Puretechventures, Abbott, Omeros, Jazz, Takeda, Teva, Zydus, Alder, Cephalon, Purdue, EMDSerono, Altea, Talagen, Tigenix, Agenus, Forest, Genzyme, Horizon, Pozen, ILPharma, Analgesic Solutions, Creabilis, Kowa, Array, JRX Biopharm, Imprimis, Dara, Genco, Neos, Bayer Consumer, Sanofi, Lilly, Idera, Medac, Inotec, Osteoanalgesia, and Akron. A.M. Taylor, PhD, Cardiff University; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; J.O. Taylor, BSc, Barry Chiropractic Clinic; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; P.S. Tugwell, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; E.H. Choy, MD, FRCP, Cardiff University; U. Kaiser, Dr. rer. Nat. Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; P.J. Mease, MD, Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington; V. Strand, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University; L.S. Simon, SDG LLC. Address correspondence to A.M. Taylor, Cardiff University, Heath Park Site, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK. E-mail: Tayloram@cardiff.ac.uk
Justin O. Taylor
From Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Barry Chiropractic Clinic, Cardiff; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Birmingham; Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA. Authors were funded as follows: Dr. Conaghan, in part by Arthritis Research UK; Dr. Singh, by grants from the Agency for Health Quality and Research Center for Education and Research on Therapeutics U19 HS021110, US National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases P50 AR060772 and U34 AR062891, US National Institute on Aging U01 AG018947, US National Cancer Institute U10 CA149950; by resources and use of facilities at the VA Medical Center at Birmingham, Alabama; and by research contract CE-1304-6631 from the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute; Dr. Choy, from the Arthritis Research UK and National Institute for Social Care and Health Research; and Dr. Kaiser, by a grant from the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF 01GY1326). Financial disclosures are as follows: Dr. Singh, research grants from Takeda and Savient and consultant fees from Savient, Takeda, Regeneron, and Allergan; on the executive of OMERACT, which receives arms-length funding from 36 companies; member of the American College of Rheumatology’s Guidelines Subcommittee of the Quality of Care Committee; and member of the Veterans Affairs Rheumatology Field Advisory Committee. Dr. Choy, research grants, membership on advisory boards and speaker bureaus of Abbott Laboratories, Allergan, Amgen, AstraZeneca, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chelsea Therapeutics, Chugai Pharma, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Ferring Pharmaceutical, GSK, Hospita, ISIS, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, MedImmune, Merrimack Pharmaceutical, MSD, Napp, Novimmune, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre Medicament, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, Schering Plough, Synovate, Tonix, and UCB. Lee Simon: Nicox, Fidelity, Extera, Wyeth, Asahi, Sammuded, Metabolex, SarCode, Anthera, Antares, Vical, Daiichi Sankyo, Rigel, Bayer, Solace, Puretechventures, Abbott, Omeros, Jazz, Takeda, Teva, Zydus, Alder, Cephalon, Purdue, EMDSerono, Altea, Talagen, Tigenix, Agenus, Forest, Genzyme, Horizon, Pozen, ILPharma, Analgesic Solutions, Creabilis, Kowa, Array, JRX Biopharm, Imprimis, Dara, Genco, Neos, Bayer Consumer, Sanofi, Lilly, Idera, Medac, Inotec, Osteoanalgesia, and Akron. A.M. Taylor, PhD, Cardiff University; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; J.O. Taylor, BSc, Barry Chiropractic Clinic; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; P.S. Tugwell, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; E.H. Choy, MD, FRCP, Cardiff University; U. Kaiser, Dr. rer. Nat. Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; P.J. Mease, MD, Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington; V. Strand, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University; L.S. Simon, SDG LLC. Address correspondence to A.M. Taylor, Cardiff University, Heath Park Site, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK. E-mail: Tayloram@cardiff.ac.uk
Jasvinder A. Singh
From Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Barry Chiropractic Clinic, Cardiff; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Birmingham; Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA. Authors were funded as follows: Dr. Conaghan, in part by Arthritis Research UK; Dr. Singh, by grants from the Agency for Health Quality and Research Center for Education and Research on Therapeutics U19 HS021110, US National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases P50 AR060772 and U34 AR062891, US National Institute on Aging U01 AG018947, US National Cancer Institute U10 CA149950; by resources and use of facilities at the VA Medical Center at Birmingham, Alabama; and by research contract CE-1304-6631 from the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute; Dr. Choy, from the Arthritis Research UK and National Institute for Social Care and Health Research; and Dr. Kaiser, by a grant from the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF 01GY1326). Financial disclosures are as follows: Dr. Singh, research grants from Takeda and Savient and consultant fees from Savient, Takeda, Regeneron, and Allergan; on the executive of OMERACT, which receives arms-length funding from 36 companies; member of the American College of Rheumatology’s Guidelines Subcommittee of the Quality of Care Committee; and member of the Veterans Affairs Rheumatology Field Advisory Committee. Dr. Choy, research grants, membership on advisory boards and speaker bureaus of Abbott Laboratories, Allergan, Amgen, AstraZeneca, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chelsea Therapeutics, Chugai Pharma, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Ferring Pharmaceutical, GSK, Hospita, ISIS, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, MedImmune, Merrimack Pharmaceutical, MSD, Napp, Novimmune, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre Medicament, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, Schering Plough, Synovate, Tonix, and UCB. Lee Simon: Nicox, Fidelity, Extera, Wyeth, Asahi, Sammuded, Metabolex, SarCode, Anthera, Antares, Vical, Daiichi Sankyo, Rigel, Bayer, Solace, Puretechventures, Abbott, Omeros, Jazz, Takeda, Teva, Zydus, Alder, Cephalon, Purdue, EMDSerono, Altea, Talagen, Tigenix, Agenus, Forest, Genzyme, Horizon, Pozen, ILPharma, Analgesic Solutions, Creabilis, Kowa, Array, JRX Biopharm, Imprimis, Dara, Genco, Neos, Bayer Consumer, Sanofi, Lilly, Idera, Medac, Inotec, Osteoanalgesia, and Akron. A.M. Taylor, PhD, Cardiff University; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; J.O. Taylor, BSc, Barry Chiropractic Clinic; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; P.S. Tugwell, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; E.H. Choy, MD, FRCP, Cardiff University; U. Kaiser, Dr. rer. Nat. Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; P.J. Mease, MD, Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington; V. Strand, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University; L.S. Simon, SDG LLC. Address correspondence to A.M. Taylor, Cardiff University, Heath Park Site, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK. E-mail: Tayloram@cardiff.ac.uk
Philip G. Conaghan
From Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Barry Chiropractic Clinic, Cardiff; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Birmingham; Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA. Authors were funded as follows: Dr. Conaghan, in part by Arthritis Research UK; Dr. Singh, by grants from the Agency for Health Quality and Research Center for Education and Research on Therapeutics U19 HS021110, US National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases P50 AR060772 and U34 AR062891, US National Institute on Aging U01 AG018947, US National Cancer Institute U10 CA149950; by resources and use of facilities at the VA Medical Center at Birmingham, Alabama; and by research contract CE-1304-6631 from the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute; Dr. Choy, from the Arthritis Research UK and National Institute for Social Care and Health Research; and Dr. Kaiser, by a grant from the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF 01GY1326). Financial disclosures are as follows: Dr. Singh, research grants from Takeda and Savient and consultant fees from Savient, Takeda, Regeneron, and Allergan; on the executive of OMERACT, which receives arms-length funding from 36 companies; member of the American College of Rheumatology’s Guidelines Subcommittee of the Quality of Care Committee; and member of the Veterans Affairs Rheumatology Field Advisory Committee. Dr. Choy, research grants, membership on advisory boards and speaker bureaus of Abbott Laboratories, Allergan, Amgen, AstraZeneca, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chelsea Therapeutics, Chugai Pharma, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Ferring Pharmaceutical, GSK, Hospita, ISIS, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, MedImmune, Merrimack Pharmaceutical, MSD, Napp, Novimmune, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre Medicament, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, Schering Plough, Synovate, Tonix, and UCB. Lee Simon: Nicox, Fidelity, Extera, Wyeth, Asahi, Sammuded, Metabolex, SarCode, Anthera, Antares, Vical, Daiichi Sankyo, Rigel, Bayer, Solace, Puretechventures, Abbott, Omeros, Jazz, Takeda, Teva, Zydus, Alder, Cephalon, Purdue, EMDSerono, Altea, Talagen, Tigenix, Agenus, Forest, Genzyme, Horizon, Pozen, ILPharma, Analgesic Solutions, Creabilis, Kowa, Array, JRX Biopharm, Imprimis, Dara, Genco, Neos, Bayer Consumer, Sanofi, Lilly, Idera, Medac, Inotec, Osteoanalgesia, and Akron. A.M. Taylor, PhD, Cardiff University; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; J.O. Taylor, BSc, Barry Chiropractic Clinic; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; P.S. Tugwell, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; E.H. Choy, MD, FRCP, Cardiff University; U. Kaiser, Dr. rer. Nat. Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; P.J. Mease, MD, Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington; V. Strand, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University; L.S. Simon, SDG LLC. Address correspondence to A.M. Taylor, Cardiff University, Heath Park Site, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK. E-mail: Tayloram@cardiff.ac.uk
Ernest H. Choy
From Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Barry Chiropractic Clinic, Cardiff; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Birmingham; Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA. Authors were funded as follows: Dr. Conaghan, in part by Arthritis Research UK; Dr. Singh, by grants from the Agency for Health Quality and Research Center for Education and Research on Therapeutics U19 HS021110, US National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases P50 AR060772 and U34 AR062891, US National Institute on Aging U01 AG018947, US National Cancer Institute U10 CA149950; by resources and use of facilities at the VA Medical Center at Birmingham, Alabama; and by research contract CE-1304-6631 from the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute; Dr. Choy, from the Arthritis Research UK and National Institute for Social Care and Health Research; and Dr. Kaiser, by a grant from the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF 01GY1326). Financial disclosures are as follows: Dr. Singh, research grants from Takeda and Savient and consultant fees from Savient, Takeda, Regeneron, and Allergan; on the executive of OMERACT, which receives arms-length funding from 36 companies; member of the American College of Rheumatology’s Guidelines Subcommittee of the Quality of Care Committee; and member of the Veterans Affairs Rheumatology Field Advisory Committee. Dr. Choy, research grants, membership on advisory boards and speaker bureaus of Abbott Laboratories, Allergan, Amgen, AstraZeneca, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chelsea Therapeutics, Chugai Pharma, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Ferring Pharmaceutical, GSK, Hospita, ISIS, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, MedImmune, Merrimack Pharmaceutical, MSD, Napp, Novimmune, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre Medicament, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, Schering Plough, Synovate, Tonix, and UCB. Lee Simon: Nicox, Fidelity, Extera, Wyeth, Asahi, Sammuded, Metabolex, SarCode, Anthera, Antares, Vical, Daiichi Sankyo, Rigel, Bayer, Solace, Puretechventures, Abbott, Omeros, Jazz, Takeda, Teva, Zydus, Alder, Cephalon, Purdue, EMDSerono, Altea, Talagen, Tigenix, Agenus, Forest, Genzyme, Horizon, Pozen, ILPharma, Analgesic Solutions, Creabilis, Kowa, Array, JRX Biopharm, Imprimis, Dara, Genco, Neos, Bayer Consumer, Sanofi, Lilly, Idera, Medac, Inotec, Osteoanalgesia, and Akron. A.M. Taylor, PhD, Cardiff University; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; J.O. Taylor, BSc, Barry Chiropractic Clinic; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; P.S. Tugwell, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; E.H. Choy, MD, FRCP, Cardiff University; U. Kaiser, Dr. rer. Nat. Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; P.J. Mease, MD, Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington; V. Strand, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University; L.S. Simon, SDG LLC. Address correspondence to A.M. Taylor, Cardiff University, Heath Park Site, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK. E-mail: Tayloram@cardiff.ac.uk
Peter S. Tugwell
From Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Barry Chiropractic Clinic, Cardiff; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Birmingham; Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA. Authors were funded as follows: Dr. Conaghan, in part by Arthritis Research UK; Dr. Singh, by grants from the Agency for Health Quality and Research Center for Education and Research on Therapeutics U19 HS021110, US National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases P50 AR060772 and U34 AR062891, US National Institute on Aging U01 AG018947, US National Cancer Institute U10 CA149950; by resources and use of facilities at the VA Medical Center at Birmingham, Alabama; and by research contract CE-1304-6631 from the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute; Dr. Choy, from the Arthritis Research UK and National Institute for Social Care and Health Research; and Dr. Kaiser, by a grant from the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF 01GY1326). Financial disclosures are as follows: Dr. Singh, research grants from Takeda and Savient and consultant fees from Savient, Takeda, Regeneron, and Allergan; on the executive of OMERACT, which receives arms-length funding from 36 companies; member of the American College of Rheumatology’s Guidelines Subcommittee of the Quality of Care Committee; and member of the Veterans Affairs Rheumatology Field Advisory Committee. Dr. Choy, research grants, membership on advisory boards and speaker bureaus of Abbott Laboratories, Allergan, Amgen, AstraZeneca, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chelsea Therapeutics, Chugai Pharma, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Ferring Pharmaceutical, GSK, Hospita, ISIS, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, MedImmune, Merrimack Pharmaceutical, MSD, Napp, Novimmune, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre Medicament, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, Schering Plough, Synovate, Tonix, and UCB. Lee Simon: Nicox, Fidelity, Extera, Wyeth, Asahi, Sammuded, Metabolex, SarCode, Anthera, Antares, Vical, Daiichi Sankyo, Rigel, Bayer, Solace, Puretechventures, Abbott, Omeros, Jazz, Takeda, Teva, Zydus, Alder, Cephalon, Purdue, EMDSerono, Altea, Talagen, Tigenix, Agenus, Forest, Genzyme, Horizon, Pozen, ILPharma, Analgesic Solutions, Creabilis, Kowa, Array, JRX Biopharm, Imprimis, Dara, Genco, Neos, Bayer Consumer, Sanofi, Lilly, Idera, Medac, Inotec, Osteoanalgesia, and Akron. A.M. Taylor, PhD, Cardiff University; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; J.O. Taylor, BSc, Barry Chiropractic Clinic; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; P.S. Tugwell, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; E.H. Choy, MD, FRCP, Cardiff University; U. Kaiser, Dr. rer. Nat. Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; P.J. Mease, MD, Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington; V. Strand, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University; L.S. Simon, SDG LLC. Address correspondence to A.M. Taylor, Cardiff University, Heath Park Site, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK. E-mail: Tayloram@cardiff.ac.uk
Ulrike Kaiser
From Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Barry Chiropractic Clinic, Cardiff; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Birmingham; Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA. Authors were funded as follows: Dr. Conaghan, in part by Arthritis Research UK; Dr. Singh, by grants from the Agency for Health Quality and Research Center for Education and Research on Therapeutics U19 HS021110, US National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases P50 AR060772 and U34 AR062891, US National Institute on Aging U01 AG018947, US National Cancer Institute U10 CA149950; by resources and use of facilities at the VA Medical Center at Birmingham, Alabama; and by research contract CE-1304-6631 from the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute; Dr. Choy, from the Arthritis Research UK and National Institute for Social Care and Health Research; and Dr. Kaiser, by a grant from the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF 01GY1326). Financial disclosures are as follows: Dr. Singh, research grants from Takeda and Savient and consultant fees from Savient, Takeda, Regeneron, and Allergan; on the executive of OMERACT, which receives arms-length funding from 36 companies; member of the American College of Rheumatology’s Guidelines Subcommittee of the Quality of Care Committee; and member of the Veterans Affairs Rheumatology Field Advisory Committee. Dr. Choy, research grants, membership on advisory boards and speaker bureaus of Abbott Laboratories, Allergan, Amgen, AstraZeneca, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chelsea Therapeutics, Chugai Pharma, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Ferring Pharmaceutical, GSK, Hospita, ISIS, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, MedImmune, Merrimack Pharmaceutical, MSD, Napp, Novimmune, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre Medicament, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, Schering Plough, Synovate, Tonix, and UCB. Lee Simon: Nicox, Fidelity, Extera, Wyeth, Asahi, Sammuded, Metabolex, SarCode, Anthera, Antares, Vical, Daiichi Sankyo, Rigel, Bayer, Solace, Puretechventures, Abbott, Omeros, Jazz, Takeda, Teva, Zydus, Alder, Cephalon, Purdue, EMDSerono, Altea, Talagen, Tigenix, Agenus, Forest, Genzyme, Horizon, Pozen, ILPharma, Analgesic Solutions, Creabilis, Kowa, Array, JRX Biopharm, Imprimis, Dara, Genco, Neos, Bayer Consumer, Sanofi, Lilly, Idera, Medac, Inotec, Osteoanalgesia, and Akron. A.M. Taylor, PhD, Cardiff University; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; J.O. Taylor, BSc, Barry Chiropractic Clinic; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; P.S. Tugwell, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; E.H. Choy, MD, FRCP, Cardiff University; U. Kaiser, Dr. rer. Nat. Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; P.J. Mease, MD, Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington; V. Strand, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University; L.S. Simon, SDG LLC. Address correspondence to A.M. Taylor, Cardiff University, Heath Park Site, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK. E-mail: Tayloram@cardiff.ac.uk
Vibeke Strand
From Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Barry Chiropractic Clinic, Cardiff; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Birmingham; Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA. Authors were funded as follows: Dr. Conaghan, in part by Arthritis Research UK; Dr. Singh, by grants from the Agency for Health Quality and Research Center for Education and Research on Therapeutics U19 HS021110, US National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases P50 AR060772 and U34 AR062891, US National Institute on Aging U01 AG018947, US National Cancer Institute U10 CA149950; by resources and use of facilities at the VA Medical Center at Birmingham, Alabama; and by research contract CE-1304-6631 from the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute; Dr. Choy, from the Arthritis Research UK and National Institute for Social Care and Health Research; and Dr. Kaiser, by a grant from the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF 01GY1326). Financial disclosures are as follows: Dr. Singh, research grants from Takeda and Savient and consultant fees from Savient, Takeda, Regeneron, and Allergan; on the executive of OMERACT, which receives arms-length funding from 36 companies; member of the American College of Rheumatology’s Guidelines Subcommittee of the Quality of Care Committee; and member of the Veterans Affairs Rheumatology Field Advisory Committee. Dr. Choy, research grants, membership on advisory boards and speaker bureaus of Abbott Laboratories, Allergan, Amgen, AstraZeneca, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chelsea Therapeutics, Chugai Pharma, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Ferring Pharmaceutical, GSK, Hospita, ISIS, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, MedImmune, Merrimack Pharmaceutical, MSD, Napp, Novimmune, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre Medicament, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, Schering Plough, Synovate, Tonix, and UCB. Lee Simon: Nicox, Fidelity, Extera, Wyeth, Asahi, Sammuded, Metabolex, SarCode, Anthera, Antares, Vical, Daiichi Sankyo, Rigel, Bayer, Solace, Puretechventures, Abbott, Omeros, Jazz, Takeda, Teva, Zydus, Alder, Cephalon, Purdue, EMDSerono, Altea, Talagen, Tigenix, Agenus, Forest, Genzyme, Horizon, Pozen, ILPharma, Analgesic Solutions, Creabilis, Kowa, Array, JRX Biopharm, Imprimis, Dara, Genco, Neos, Bayer Consumer, Sanofi, Lilly, Idera, Medac, Inotec, Osteoanalgesia, and Akron. A.M. Taylor, PhD, Cardiff University; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; J.O. Taylor, BSc, Barry Chiropractic Clinic; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; P.S. Tugwell, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; E.H. Choy, MD, FRCP, Cardiff University; U. Kaiser, Dr. rer. Nat. Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; P.J. Mease, MD, Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington; V. Strand, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University; L.S. Simon, SDG LLC. Address correspondence to A.M. Taylor, Cardiff University, Heath Park Site, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK. E-mail: Tayloram@cardiff.ac.uk
Lee S. Simon
From Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Barry Chiropractic Clinic, Cardiff; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Birmingham; Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA. Authors were funded as follows: Dr. Conaghan, in part by Arthritis Research UK; Dr. Singh, by grants from the Agency for Health Quality and Research Center for Education and Research on Therapeutics U19 HS021110, US National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases P50 AR060772 and U34 AR062891, US National Institute on Aging U01 AG018947, US National Cancer Institute U10 CA149950; by resources and use of facilities at the VA Medical Center at Birmingham, Alabama; and by research contract CE-1304-6631 from the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute; Dr. Choy, from the Arthritis Research UK and National Institute for Social Care and Health Research; and Dr. Kaiser, by a grant from the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF 01GY1326). Financial disclosures are as follows: Dr. Singh, research grants from Takeda and Savient and consultant fees from Savient, Takeda, Regeneron, and Allergan; on the executive of OMERACT, which receives arms-length funding from 36 companies; member of the American College of Rheumatology’s Guidelines Subcommittee of the Quality of Care Committee; and member of the Veterans Affairs Rheumatology Field Advisory Committee. Dr. Choy, research grants, membership on advisory boards and speaker bureaus of Abbott Laboratories, Allergan, Amgen, AstraZeneca, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chelsea Therapeutics, Chugai Pharma, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Ferring Pharmaceutical, GSK, Hospita, ISIS, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, MedImmune, Merrimack Pharmaceutical, MSD, Napp, Novimmune, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre Medicament, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, Schering Plough, Synovate, Tonix, and UCB. Lee Simon: Nicox, Fidelity, Extera, Wyeth, Asahi, Sammuded, Metabolex, SarCode, Anthera, Antares, Vical, Daiichi Sankyo, Rigel, Bayer, Solace, Puretechventures, Abbott, Omeros, Jazz, Takeda, Teva, Zydus, Alder, Cephalon, Purdue, EMDSerono, Altea, Talagen, Tigenix, Agenus, Forest, Genzyme, Horizon, Pozen, ILPharma, Analgesic Solutions, Creabilis, Kowa, Array, JRX Biopharm, Imprimis, Dara, Genco, Neos, Bayer Consumer, Sanofi, Lilly, Idera, Medac, Inotec, Osteoanalgesia, and Akron. A.M. Taylor, PhD, Cardiff University; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; J.O. Taylor, BSc, Barry Chiropractic Clinic; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; P.S. Tugwell, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; E.H. Choy, MD, FRCP, Cardiff University; U. Kaiser, Dr. rer. Nat. Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; P.J. Mease, MD, Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington; V. Strand, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University; L.S. Simon, SDG LLC. Address correspondence to A.M. Taylor, Cardiff University, Heath Park Site, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK. E-mail: Tayloram@cardiff.ac.uk
Philip J. Mease
From Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Barry Chiropractic Clinic, Cardiff; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Birmingham; Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA. Authors were funded as follows: Dr. Conaghan, in part by Arthritis Research UK; Dr. Singh, by grants from the Agency for Health Quality and Research Center for Education and Research on Therapeutics U19 HS021110, US National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases P50 AR060772 and U34 AR062891, US National Institute on Aging U01 AG018947, US National Cancer Institute U10 CA149950; by resources and use of facilities at the VA Medical Center at Birmingham, Alabama; and by research contract CE-1304-6631 from the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute; Dr. Choy, from the Arthritis Research UK and National Institute for Social Care and Health Research; and Dr. Kaiser, by a grant from the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF 01GY1326). Financial disclosures are as follows: Dr. Singh, research grants from Takeda and Savient and consultant fees from Savient, Takeda, Regeneron, and Allergan; on the executive of OMERACT, which receives arms-length funding from 36 companies; member of the American College of Rheumatology’s Guidelines Subcommittee of the Quality of Care Committee; and member of the Veterans Affairs Rheumatology Field Advisory Committee. Dr. Choy, research grants, membership on advisory boards and speaker bureaus of Abbott Laboratories, Allergan, Amgen, AstraZeneca, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chelsea Therapeutics, Chugai Pharma, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Ferring Pharmaceutical, GSK, Hospita, ISIS, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, MedImmune, Merrimack Pharmaceutical, MSD, Napp, Novimmune, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre Medicament, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, Schering Plough, Synovate, Tonix, and UCB. Lee Simon: Nicox, Fidelity, Extera, Wyeth, Asahi, Sammuded, Metabolex, SarCode, Anthera, Antares, Vical, Daiichi Sankyo, Rigel, Bayer, Solace, Puretechventures, Abbott, Omeros, Jazz, Takeda, Teva, Zydus, Alder, Cephalon, Purdue, EMDSerono, Altea, Talagen, Tigenix, Agenus, Forest, Genzyme, Horizon, Pozen, ILPharma, Analgesic Solutions, Creabilis, Kowa, Array, JRX Biopharm, Imprimis, Dara, Genco, Neos, Bayer Consumer, Sanofi, Lilly, Idera, Medac, Inotec, Osteoanalgesia, and Akron. A.M. Taylor, PhD, Cardiff University; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; J.O. Taylor, BSc, Barry Chiropractic Clinic; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; P.S. Tugwell, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; E.H. Choy, MD, FRCP, Cardiff University; U. Kaiser, Dr. rer. Nat. Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; P.J. Mease, MD, Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington; V. Strand, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University; L.S. Simon, SDG LLC. Address correspondence to A.M. Taylor, Cardiff University, Heath Park Site, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK. E-mail: Tayloram@cardiff.ac.uk
Abstract
At the pain workshop held prior to the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) 12 conference, chronic nonmalignant pain (CP) as a “disease” was discussed, in response to growing interest in this concept and in terms of the effect on the OMERACT Filter 2.0 framework. CP is often assessed as a unidimensional outcome measure; however, if CP is a disease, then outcome measures need to define the disease state and identify all its manifestations as well as its effects, as specified by Filter 2.0. The aim was to write a discussion piece, reflecting the workshop contributions and debate, as an important step in opening a dialogue around future OMERACT Filter 2.0 Framework developments.
In this issue
The Journal of Rheumatology
Vol. 51, Issue 4
1 Apr 2024
Is Chronic Pain a Disease in Its Own Right? Discussions from a Pre-OMERACT 2014 Workshop on Chronic Pain
Ann M. Taylor, Kristine Phillips, Justin O. Taylor, Jasvinder A. Singh, Philip G. Conaghan, Ernest H. Choy, Peter S. Tugwell, Ulrike Kaiser, Vibeke Strand, Lee S. Simon, Philip J. Mease
The Journal of Rheumatology Jul 2015, jrheum.141328; DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.141328
Is Chronic Pain a Disease in Its Own Right? Discussions from a Pre-OMERACT 2014 Workshop on Chronic Pain
Ann M. Taylor, Kristine Phillips, Justin O. Taylor, Jasvinder A. Singh, Philip G. Conaghan, Ernest H. Choy, Peter S. Tugwell, Ulrike Kaiser, Vibeke Strand, Lee S. Simon, Philip J. Mease
The Journal of Rheumatology Jul 2015, jrheum.141328; DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.141328