Research ArticleArticle
Dissecting the Heterogeneity of Macrophage Activation Syndrome Complicating Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Francesca Minoia, Sergio Davì, AnnaCarin Horne, Francesca Bovis, Erkan Demirkaya, Jonathan Akikusa, Nuray A. Ayaz, Sulaiman M. Al-Mayouf, Patrizia Barone, Bianca Bica, Isabel Bolt, Luciana Breda, Carmen De Cunto, Sandra Enciso, Romina Gallizzi, Thomas Griffin, Teresa Hennon, Gerd Horneff, Michael Jeng, Ageza M. Kapovic, Jeffrey M. Lipton, Silvia Magni Manzoni, Ingrida Rumba-Rozenfelde, Claudia Saad Magalhaes, Wafaa M. Sewairi, Kimo C. Stine, Olga Vougiouka, Lehn K. Weaver, Zane Davidsone, Jaime De Inocencio, Maka Ioseliani, Bianca Lattanzi, Hasan Tezer, Antonella Buoncompagni, Paolo Picco, Nicolino Ruperto, Alberto Martini, Randy Q. Cron and Angelo Ravelli on behalf of the Pediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organization
The Journal of Rheumatology April 2015, jrheum.141261; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.141261
Francesca Minoia
From the Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Policlinico Università di Catania, Catania, Italy; Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland; Ospedale Policlinico, Chieti, Italy; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico; University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; Women and Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA; Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York, New York, New York, USA; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, Brazil; King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children’s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. F. Minoia, MD; S. Davì, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Horne, MD, Karolinska University Hospital Solna; F. Bovis, BiolD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; E. Demirkaya, MD, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty; J. Akikusa, MD, Royal Children’s Hospital; N.A. Ayaz, MD, Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital; S.M. Al-Mayouf, MD, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; P. Barone, MD, Policlinico Università di Catania; B. Bica, MD, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho; I. Bolt, MD, Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital; L. Breda, MD, Ospedale Policlinico; C. De Cunto, MD, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; S. Enciso, MD, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; R. Gallizzi, MD, University of Messina; T. Griffin, MD, Carolinas HealthCare System; T. Hennon, MD, Women and Children’s Hospital; G. Horneff, MD, Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie; M. Jeng, MD, Stanford School of Medicine; A.M. Kapovic, MD, Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb; J.M. Lipton, MD, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York; S. Magni Manzoni, MD, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, MD, PhD, University of Latvia; C.S. Magalhaes, MD, Hospital das Clínicas; W.M. Sewairi, MD, King Fahad National Guard Hospital; K.C. Stine, MD, Arkansas Children’s Hospital; O. Vougiouka, MD, Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens; L.K. Weaver, MD, PhD, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Z. Davidsone, MD, Children’s University Hospital; J. De Inocencio, MD, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; M. Ioseliani, MD, M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic; B. Lattanzi, MD, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti; H. Tezer, MD, Gazi University; A. Buoncompagni, MD; P. Picco, MD; N. Ruperto MD, MPH, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Martini, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; A. Ravelli, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova. Address correspondence to Dr. A. Ravelli, Pediatria II, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy. E-mail: angeloravelli@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it. Accepted for publication February 11, 2015.
Sergio Davì
From the Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Policlinico Università di Catania, Catania, Italy; Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland; Ospedale Policlinico, Chieti, Italy; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico; University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; Women and Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA; Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York, New York, New York, USA; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, Brazil; King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children’s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. F. Minoia, MD; S. Davì, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Horne, MD, Karolinska University Hospital Solna; F. Bovis, BiolD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; E. Demirkaya, MD, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty; J. Akikusa, MD, Royal Children’s Hospital; N.A. Ayaz, MD, Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital; S.M. Al-Mayouf, MD, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; P. Barone, MD, Policlinico Università di Catania; B. Bica, MD, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho; I. Bolt, MD, Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital; L. Breda, MD, Ospedale Policlinico; C. De Cunto, MD, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; S. Enciso, MD, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; R. Gallizzi, MD, University of Messina; T. Griffin, MD, Carolinas HealthCare System; T. Hennon, MD, Women and Children’s Hospital; G. Horneff, MD, Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie; M. Jeng, MD, Stanford School of Medicine; A.M. Kapovic, MD, Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb; J.M. Lipton, MD, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York; S. Magni Manzoni, MD, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, MD, PhD, University of Latvia; C.S. Magalhaes, MD, Hospital das Clínicas; W.M. Sewairi, MD, King Fahad National Guard Hospital; K.C. Stine, MD, Arkansas Children’s Hospital; O. Vougiouka, MD, Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens; L.K. Weaver, MD, PhD, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Z. Davidsone, MD, Children’s University Hospital; J. De Inocencio, MD, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; M. Ioseliani, MD, M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic; B. Lattanzi, MD, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti; H. Tezer, MD, Gazi University; A. Buoncompagni, MD; P. Picco, MD; N. Ruperto MD, MPH, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Martini, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; A. Ravelli, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova. Address correspondence to Dr. A. Ravelli, Pediatria II, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy. E-mail: angeloravelli@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it. Accepted for publication February 11, 2015.
AnnaCarin Horne
From the Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Policlinico Università di Catania, Catania, Italy; Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland; Ospedale Policlinico, Chieti, Italy; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico; University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; Women and Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA; Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York, New York, New York, USA; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, Brazil; King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children’s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. F. Minoia, MD; S. Davì, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Horne, MD, Karolinska University Hospital Solna; F. Bovis, BiolD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; E. Demirkaya, MD, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty; J. Akikusa, MD, Royal Children’s Hospital; N.A. Ayaz, MD, Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital; S.M. Al-Mayouf, MD, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; P. Barone, MD, Policlinico Università di Catania; B. Bica, MD, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho; I. Bolt, MD, Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital; L. Breda, MD, Ospedale Policlinico; C. De Cunto, MD, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; S. Enciso, MD, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; R. Gallizzi, MD, University of Messina; T. Griffin, MD, Carolinas HealthCare System; T. Hennon, MD, Women and Children’s Hospital; G. Horneff, MD, Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie; M. Jeng, MD, Stanford School of Medicine; A.M. Kapovic, MD, Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb; J.M. Lipton, MD, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York; S. Magni Manzoni, MD, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, MD, PhD, University of Latvia; C.S. Magalhaes, MD, Hospital das Clínicas; W.M. Sewairi, MD, King Fahad National Guard Hospital; K.C. Stine, MD, Arkansas Children’s Hospital; O. Vougiouka, MD, Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens; L.K. Weaver, MD, PhD, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Z. Davidsone, MD, Children’s University Hospital; J. De Inocencio, MD, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; M. Ioseliani, MD, M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic; B. Lattanzi, MD, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti; H. Tezer, MD, Gazi University; A. Buoncompagni, MD; P. Picco, MD; N. Ruperto MD, MPH, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Martini, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; A. Ravelli, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova. Address correspondence to Dr. A. Ravelli, Pediatria II, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy. E-mail: angeloravelli@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it. Accepted for publication February 11, 2015.
Francesca Bovis
From the Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Policlinico Università di Catania, Catania, Italy; Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland; Ospedale Policlinico, Chieti, Italy; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico; University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; Women and Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA; Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York, New York, New York, USA; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, Brazil; King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children’s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. F. Minoia, MD; S. Davì, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Horne, MD, Karolinska University Hospital Solna; F. Bovis, BiolD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; E. Demirkaya, MD, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty; J. Akikusa, MD, Royal Children’s Hospital; N.A. Ayaz, MD, Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital; S.M. Al-Mayouf, MD, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; P. Barone, MD, Policlinico Università di Catania; B. Bica, MD, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho; I. Bolt, MD, Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital; L. Breda, MD, Ospedale Policlinico; C. De Cunto, MD, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; S. Enciso, MD, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; R. Gallizzi, MD, University of Messina; T. Griffin, MD, Carolinas HealthCare System; T. Hennon, MD, Women and Children’s Hospital; G. Horneff, MD, Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie; M. Jeng, MD, Stanford School of Medicine; A.M. Kapovic, MD, Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb; J.M. Lipton, MD, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York; S. Magni Manzoni, MD, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, MD, PhD, University of Latvia; C.S. Magalhaes, MD, Hospital das Clínicas; W.M. Sewairi, MD, King Fahad National Guard Hospital; K.C. Stine, MD, Arkansas Children’s Hospital; O. Vougiouka, MD, Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens; L.K. Weaver, MD, PhD, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Z. Davidsone, MD, Children’s University Hospital; J. De Inocencio, MD, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; M. Ioseliani, MD, M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic; B. Lattanzi, MD, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti; H. Tezer, MD, Gazi University; A. Buoncompagni, MD; P. Picco, MD; N. Ruperto MD, MPH, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Martini, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; A. Ravelli, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova. Address correspondence to Dr. A. Ravelli, Pediatria II, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy. E-mail: angeloravelli@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it. Accepted for publication February 11, 2015.
Erkan Demirkaya
From the Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Policlinico Università di Catania, Catania, Italy; Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland; Ospedale Policlinico, Chieti, Italy; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico; University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; Women and Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA; Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York, New York, New York, USA; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, Brazil; King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children’s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. F. Minoia, MD; S. Davì, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Horne, MD, Karolinska University Hospital Solna; F. Bovis, BiolD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; E. Demirkaya, MD, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty; J. Akikusa, MD, Royal Children’s Hospital; N.A. Ayaz, MD, Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital; S.M. Al-Mayouf, MD, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; P. Barone, MD, Policlinico Università di Catania; B. Bica, MD, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho; I. Bolt, MD, Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital; L. Breda, MD, Ospedale Policlinico; C. De Cunto, MD, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; S. Enciso, MD, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; R. Gallizzi, MD, University of Messina; T. Griffin, MD, Carolinas HealthCare System; T. Hennon, MD, Women and Children’s Hospital; G. Horneff, MD, Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie; M. Jeng, MD, Stanford School of Medicine; A.M. Kapovic, MD, Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb; J.M. Lipton, MD, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York; S. Magni Manzoni, MD, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, MD, PhD, University of Latvia; C.S. Magalhaes, MD, Hospital das Clínicas; W.M. Sewairi, MD, King Fahad National Guard Hospital; K.C. Stine, MD, Arkansas Children’s Hospital; O. Vougiouka, MD, Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens; L.K. Weaver, MD, PhD, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Z. Davidsone, MD, Children’s University Hospital; J. De Inocencio, MD, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; M. Ioseliani, MD, M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic; B. Lattanzi, MD, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti; H. Tezer, MD, Gazi University; A. Buoncompagni, MD; P. Picco, MD; N. Ruperto MD, MPH, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Martini, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; A. Ravelli, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova. Address correspondence to Dr. A. Ravelli, Pediatria II, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy. E-mail: angeloravelli@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it. Accepted for publication February 11, 2015.
Jonathan Akikusa
From the Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Policlinico Università di Catania, Catania, Italy; Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland; Ospedale Policlinico, Chieti, Italy; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico; University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; Women and Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA; Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York, New York, New York, USA; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, Brazil; King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children’s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. F. Minoia, MD; S. Davì, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Horne, MD, Karolinska University Hospital Solna; F. Bovis, BiolD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; E. Demirkaya, MD, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty; J. Akikusa, MD, Royal Children’s Hospital; N.A. Ayaz, MD, Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital; S.M. Al-Mayouf, MD, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; P. Barone, MD, Policlinico Università di Catania; B. Bica, MD, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho; I. Bolt, MD, Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital; L. Breda, MD, Ospedale Policlinico; C. De Cunto, MD, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; S. Enciso, MD, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; R. Gallizzi, MD, University of Messina; T. Griffin, MD, Carolinas HealthCare System; T. Hennon, MD, Women and Children’s Hospital; G. Horneff, MD, Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie; M. Jeng, MD, Stanford School of Medicine; A.M. Kapovic, MD, Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb; J.M. Lipton, MD, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York; S. Magni Manzoni, MD, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, MD, PhD, University of Latvia; C.S. Magalhaes, MD, Hospital das Clínicas; W.M. Sewairi, MD, King Fahad National Guard Hospital; K.C. Stine, MD, Arkansas Children’s Hospital; O. Vougiouka, MD, Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens; L.K. Weaver, MD, PhD, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Z. Davidsone, MD, Children’s University Hospital; J. De Inocencio, MD, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; M. Ioseliani, MD, M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic; B. Lattanzi, MD, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti; H. Tezer, MD, Gazi University; A. Buoncompagni, MD; P. Picco, MD; N. Ruperto MD, MPH, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Martini, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; A. Ravelli, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova. Address correspondence to Dr. A. Ravelli, Pediatria II, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy. E-mail: angeloravelli@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it. Accepted for publication February 11, 2015.
Nuray A. Ayaz
From the Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Policlinico Università di Catania, Catania, Italy; Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland; Ospedale Policlinico, Chieti, Italy; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico; University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; Women and Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA; Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York, New York, New York, USA; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, Brazil; King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children’s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. F. Minoia, MD; S. Davì, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Horne, MD, Karolinska University Hospital Solna; F. Bovis, BiolD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; E. Demirkaya, MD, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty; J. Akikusa, MD, Royal Children’s Hospital; N.A. Ayaz, MD, Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital; S.M. Al-Mayouf, MD, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; P. Barone, MD, Policlinico Università di Catania; B. Bica, MD, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho; I. Bolt, MD, Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital; L. Breda, MD, Ospedale Policlinico; C. De Cunto, MD, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; S. Enciso, MD, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; R. Gallizzi, MD, University of Messina; T. Griffin, MD, Carolinas HealthCare System; T. Hennon, MD, Women and Children’s Hospital; G. Horneff, MD, Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie; M. Jeng, MD, Stanford School of Medicine; A.M. Kapovic, MD, Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb; J.M. Lipton, MD, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York; S. Magni Manzoni, MD, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, MD, PhD, University of Latvia; C.S. Magalhaes, MD, Hospital das Clínicas; W.M. Sewairi, MD, King Fahad National Guard Hospital; K.C. Stine, MD, Arkansas Children’s Hospital; O. Vougiouka, MD, Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens; L.K. Weaver, MD, PhD, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Z. Davidsone, MD, Children’s University Hospital; J. De Inocencio, MD, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; M. Ioseliani, MD, M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic; B. Lattanzi, MD, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti; H. Tezer, MD, Gazi University; A. Buoncompagni, MD; P. Picco, MD; N. Ruperto MD, MPH, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Martini, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; A. Ravelli, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova. Address correspondence to Dr. A. Ravelli, Pediatria II, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy. E-mail: angeloravelli@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it. Accepted for publication February 11, 2015.
Sulaiman M. Al-Mayouf
From the Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Policlinico Università di Catania, Catania, Italy; Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland; Ospedale Policlinico, Chieti, Italy; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico; University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; Women and Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA; Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York, New York, New York, USA; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, Brazil; King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children’s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. F. Minoia, MD; S. Davì, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Horne, MD, Karolinska University Hospital Solna; F. Bovis, BiolD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; E. Demirkaya, MD, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty; J. Akikusa, MD, Royal Children’s Hospital; N.A. Ayaz, MD, Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital; S.M. Al-Mayouf, MD, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; P. Barone, MD, Policlinico Università di Catania; B. Bica, MD, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho; I. Bolt, MD, Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital; L. Breda, MD, Ospedale Policlinico; C. De Cunto, MD, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; S. Enciso, MD, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; R. Gallizzi, MD, University of Messina; T. Griffin, MD, Carolinas HealthCare System; T. Hennon, MD, Women and Children’s Hospital; G. Horneff, MD, Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie; M. Jeng, MD, Stanford School of Medicine; A.M. Kapovic, MD, Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb; J.M. Lipton, MD, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York; S. Magni Manzoni, MD, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, MD, PhD, University of Latvia; C.S. Magalhaes, MD, Hospital das Clínicas; W.M. Sewairi, MD, King Fahad National Guard Hospital; K.C. Stine, MD, Arkansas Children’s Hospital; O. Vougiouka, MD, Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens; L.K. Weaver, MD, PhD, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Z. Davidsone, MD, Children’s University Hospital; J. De Inocencio, MD, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; M. Ioseliani, MD, M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic; B. Lattanzi, MD, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti; H. Tezer, MD, Gazi University; A. Buoncompagni, MD; P. Picco, MD; N. Ruperto MD, MPH, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Martini, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; A. Ravelli, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova. Address correspondence to Dr. A. Ravelli, Pediatria II, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy. E-mail: angeloravelli@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it. Accepted for publication February 11, 2015.
Patrizia Barone
From the Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Policlinico Università di Catania, Catania, Italy; Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland; Ospedale Policlinico, Chieti, Italy; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico; University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; Women and Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA; Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York, New York, New York, USA; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, Brazil; King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children’s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. F. Minoia, MD; S. Davì, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Horne, MD, Karolinska University Hospital Solna; F. Bovis, BiolD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; E. Demirkaya, MD, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty; J. Akikusa, MD, Royal Children’s Hospital; N.A. Ayaz, MD, Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital; S.M. Al-Mayouf, MD, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; P. Barone, MD, Policlinico Università di Catania; B. Bica, MD, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho; I. Bolt, MD, Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital; L. Breda, MD, Ospedale Policlinico; C. De Cunto, MD, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; S. Enciso, MD, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; R. Gallizzi, MD, University of Messina; T. Griffin, MD, Carolinas HealthCare System; T. Hennon, MD, Women and Children’s Hospital; G. Horneff, MD, Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie; M. Jeng, MD, Stanford School of Medicine; A.M. Kapovic, MD, Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb; J.M. Lipton, MD, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York; S. Magni Manzoni, MD, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, MD, PhD, University of Latvia; C.S. Magalhaes, MD, Hospital das Clínicas; W.M. Sewairi, MD, King Fahad National Guard Hospital; K.C. Stine, MD, Arkansas Children’s Hospital; O. Vougiouka, MD, Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens; L.K. Weaver, MD, PhD, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Z. Davidsone, MD, Children’s University Hospital; J. De Inocencio, MD, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; M. Ioseliani, MD, M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic; B. Lattanzi, MD, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti; H. Tezer, MD, Gazi University; A. Buoncompagni, MD; P. Picco, MD; N. Ruperto MD, MPH, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Martini, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; A. Ravelli, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova. Address correspondence to Dr. A. Ravelli, Pediatria II, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy. E-mail: angeloravelli@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it. Accepted for publication February 11, 2015.
Bianca Bica
From the Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Policlinico Università di Catania, Catania, Italy; Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland; Ospedale Policlinico, Chieti, Italy; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico; University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; Women and Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA; Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York, New York, New York, USA; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, Brazil; King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children’s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. F. Minoia, MD; S. Davì, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Horne, MD, Karolinska University Hospital Solna; F. Bovis, BiolD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; E. Demirkaya, MD, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty; J. Akikusa, MD, Royal Children’s Hospital; N.A. Ayaz, MD, Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital; S.M. Al-Mayouf, MD, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; P. Barone, MD, Policlinico Università di Catania; B. Bica, MD, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho; I. Bolt, MD, Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital; L. Breda, MD, Ospedale Policlinico; C. De Cunto, MD, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; S. Enciso, MD, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; R. Gallizzi, MD, University of Messina; T. Griffin, MD, Carolinas HealthCare System; T. Hennon, MD, Women and Children’s Hospital; G. Horneff, MD, Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie; M. Jeng, MD, Stanford School of Medicine; A.M. Kapovic, MD, Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb; J.M. Lipton, MD, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York; S. Magni Manzoni, MD, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, MD, PhD, University of Latvia; C.S. Magalhaes, MD, Hospital das Clínicas; W.M. Sewairi, MD, King Fahad National Guard Hospital; K.C. Stine, MD, Arkansas Children’s Hospital; O. Vougiouka, MD, Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens; L.K. Weaver, MD, PhD, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Z. Davidsone, MD, Children’s University Hospital; J. De Inocencio, MD, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; M. Ioseliani, MD, M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic; B. Lattanzi, MD, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti; H. Tezer, MD, Gazi University; A. Buoncompagni, MD; P. Picco, MD; N. Ruperto MD, MPH, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Martini, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; A. Ravelli, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova. Address correspondence to Dr. A. Ravelli, Pediatria II, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy. E-mail: angeloravelli@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it. Accepted for publication February 11, 2015.
Isabel Bolt
From the Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Policlinico Università di Catania, Catania, Italy; Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland; Ospedale Policlinico, Chieti, Italy; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico; University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; Women and Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA; Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York, New York, New York, USA; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, Brazil; King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children’s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. F. Minoia, MD; S. Davì, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Horne, MD, Karolinska University Hospital Solna; F. Bovis, BiolD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; E. Demirkaya, MD, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty; J. Akikusa, MD, Royal Children’s Hospital; N.A. Ayaz, MD, Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital; S.M. Al-Mayouf, MD, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; P. Barone, MD, Policlinico Università di Catania; B. Bica, MD, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho; I. Bolt, MD, Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital; L. Breda, MD, Ospedale Policlinico; C. De Cunto, MD, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; S. Enciso, MD, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; R. Gallizzi, MD, University of Messina; T. Griffin, MD, Carolinas HealthCare System; T. Hennon, MD, Women and Children’s Hospital; G. Horneff, MD, Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie; M. Jeng, MD, Stanford School of Medicine; A.M. Kapovic, MD, Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb; J.M. Lipton, MD, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York; S. Magni Manzoni, MD, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, MD, PhD, University of Latvia; C.S. Magalhaes, MD, Hospital das Clínicas; W.M. Sewairi, MD, King Fahad National Guard Hospital; K.C. Stine, MD, Arkansas Children’s Hospital; O. Vougiouka, MD, Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens; L.K. Weaver, MD, PhD, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Z. Davidsone, MD, Children’s University Hospital; J. De Inocencio, MD, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; M. Ioseliani, MD, M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic; B. Lattanzi, MD, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti; H. Tezer, MD, Gazi University; A. Buoncompagni, MD; P. Picco, MD; N. Ruperto MD, MPH, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Martini, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; A. Ravelli, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova. Address correspondence to Dr. A. Ravelli, Pediatria II, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy. E-mail: angeloravelli@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it. Accepted for publication February 11, 2015.
Luciana Breda
From the Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Policlinico Università di Catania, Catania, Italy; Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland; Ospedale Policlinico, Chieti, Italy; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico; University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; Women and Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA; Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York, New York, New York, USA; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, Brazil; King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children’s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. F. Minoia, MD; S. Davì, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Horne, MD, Karolinska University Hospital Solna; F. Bovis, BiolD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; E. Demirkaya, MD, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty; J. Akikusa, MD, Royal Children’s Hospital; N.A. Ayaz, MD, Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital; S.M. Al-Mayouf, MD, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; P. Barone, MD, Policlinico Università di Catania; B. Bica, MD, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho; I. Bolt, MD, Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital; L. Breda, MD, Ospedale Policlinico; C. De Cunto, MD, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; S. Enciso, MD, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; R. Gallizzi, MD, University of Messina; T. Griffin, MD, Carolinas HealthCare System; T. Hennon, MD, Women and Children’s Hospital; G. Horneff, MD, Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie; M. Jeng, MD, Stanford School of Medicine; A.M. Kapovic, MD, Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb; J.M. Lipton, MD, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York; S. Magni Manzoni, MD, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, MD, PhD, University of Latvia; C.S. Magalhaes, MD, Hospital das Clínicas; W.M. Sewairi, MD, King Fahad National Guard Hospital; K.C. Stine, MD, Arkansas Children’s Hospital; O. Vougiouka, MD, Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens; L.K. Weaver, MD, PhD, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Z. Davidsone, MD, Children’s University Hospital; J. De Inocencio, MD, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; M. Ioseliani, MD, M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic; B. Lattanzi, MD, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti; H. Tezer, MD, Gazi University; A. Buoncompagni, MD; P. Picco, MD; N. Ruperto MD, MPH, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Martini, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; A. Ravelli, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova. Address correspondence to Dr. A. Ravelli, Pediatria II, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy. E-mail: angeloravelli@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it. Accepted for publication February 11, 2015.
Carmen De Cunto
From the Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Policlinico Università di Catania, Catania, Italy; Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland; Ospedale Policlinico, Chieti, Italy; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico; University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; Women and Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA; Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York, New York, New York, USA; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, Brazil; King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children’s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. F. Minoia, MD; S. Davì, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Horne, MD, Karolinska University Hospital Solna; F. Bovis, BiolD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; E. Demirkaya, MD, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty; J. Akikusa, MD, Royal Children’s Hospital; N.A. Ayaz, MD, Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital; S.M. Al-Mayouf, MD, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; P. Barone, MD, Policlinico Università di Catania; B. Bica, MD, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho; I. Bolt, MD, Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital; L. Breda, MD, Ospedale Policlinico; C. De Cunto, MD, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; S. Enciso, MD, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; R. Gallizzi, MD, University of Messina; T. Griffin, MD, Carolinas HealthCare System; T. Hennon, MD, Women and Children’s Hospital; G. Horneff, MD, Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie; M. Jeng, MD, Stanford School of Medicine; A.M. Kapovic, MD, Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb; J.M. Lipton, MD, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York; S. Magni Manzoni, MD, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, MD, PhD, University of Latvia; C.S. Magalhaes, MD, Hospital das Clínicas; W.M. Sewairi, MD, King Fahad National Guard Hospital; K.C. Stine, MD, Arkansas Children’s Hospital; O. Vougiouka, MD, Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens; L.K. Weaver, MD, PhD, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Z. Davidsone, MD, Children’s University Hospital; J. De Inocencio, MD, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; M. Ioseliani, MD, M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic; B. Lattanzi, MD, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti; H. Tezer, MD, Gazi University; A. Buoncompagni, MD; P. Picco, MD; N. Ruperto MD, MPH, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Martini, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; A. Ravelli, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova. Address correspondence to Dr. A. Ravelli, Pediatria II, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy. E-mail: angeloravelli@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it. Accepted for publication February 11, 2015.
Sandra Enciso
From the Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Policlinico Università di Catania, Catania, Italy; Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland; Ospedale Policlinico, Chieti, Italy; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico; University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; Women and Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA; Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York, New York, New York, USA; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, Brazil; King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children’s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. F. Minoia, MD; S. Davì, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Horne, MD, Karolinska University Hospital Solna; F. Bovis, BiolD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; E. Demirkaya, MD, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty; J. Akikusa, MD, Royal Children’s Hospital; N.A. Ayaz, MD, Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital; S.M. Al-Mayouf, MD, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; P. Barone, MD, Policlinico Università di Catania; B. Bica, MD, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho; I. Bolt, MD, Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital; L. Breda, MD, Ospedale Policlinico; C. De Cunto, MD, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; S. Enciso, MD, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; R. Gallizzi, MD, University of Messina; T. Griffin, MD, Carolinas HealthCare System; T. Hennon, MD, Women and Children’s Hospital; G. Horneff, MD, Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie; M. Jeng, MD, Stanford School of Medicine; A.M. Kapovic, MD, Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb; J.M. Lipton, MD, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York; S. Magni Manzoni, MD, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, MD, PhD, University of Latvia; C.S. Magalhaes, MD, Hospital das Clínicas; W.M. Sewairi, MD, King Fahad National Guard Hospital; K.C. Stine, MD, Arkansas Children’s Hospital; O. Vougiouka, MD, Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens; L.K. Weaver, MD, PhD, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Z. Davidsone, MD, Children’s University Hospital; J. De Inocencio, MD, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; M. Ioseliani, MD, M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic; B. Lattanzi, MD, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti; H. Tezer, MD, Gazi University; A. Buoncompagni, MD; P. Picco, MD; N. Ruperto MD, MPH, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Martini, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; A. Ravelli, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova. Address correspondence to Dr. A. Ravelli, Pediatria II, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy. E-mail: angeloravelli@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it. Accepted for publication February 11, 2015.
Romina Gallizzi
From the Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Policlinico Università di Catania, Catania, Italy; Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland; Ospedale Policlinico, Chieti, Italy; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico; University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; Women and Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA; Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York, New York, New York, USA; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, Brazil; King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children’s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. F. Minoia, MD; S. Davì, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Horne, MD, Karolinska University Hospital Solna; F. Bovis, BiolD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; E. Demirkaya, MD, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty; J. Akikusa, MD, Royal Children’s Hospital; N.A. Ayaz, MD, Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital; S.M. Al-Mayouf, MD, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; P. Barone, MD, Policlinico Università di Catania; B. Bica, MD, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho; I. Bolt, MD, Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital; L. Breda, MD, Ospedale Policlinico; C. De Cunto, MD, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; S. Enciso, MD, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; R. Gallizzi, MD, University of Messina; T. Griffin, MD, Carolinas HealthCare System; T. Hennon, MD, Women and Children’s Hospital; G. Horneff, MD, Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie; M. Jeng, MD, Stanford School of Medicine; A.M. Kapovic, MD, Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb; J.M. Lipton, MD, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York; S. Magni Manzoni, MD, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, MD, PhD, University of Latvia; C.S. Magalhaes, MD, Hospital das Clínicas; W.M. Sewairi, MD, King Fahad National Guard Hospital; K.C. Stine, MD, Arkansas Children’s Hospital; O. Vougiouka, MD, Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens; L.K. Weaver, MD, PhD, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Z. Davidsone, MD, Children’s University Hospital; J. De Inocencio, MD, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; M. Ioseliani, MD, M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic; B. Lattanzi, MD, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti; H. Tezer, MD, Gazi University; A. Buoncompagni, MD; P. Picco, MD; N. Ruperto MD, MPH, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Martini, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; A. Ravelli, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova. Address correspondence to Dr. A. Ravelli, Pediatria II, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy. E-mail: angeloravelli@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it. Accepted for publication February 11, 2015.
Thomas Griffin
From the Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Policlinico Università di Catania, Catania, Italy; Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland; Ospedale Policlinico, Chieti, Italy; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico; University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; Women and Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA; Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York, New York, New York, USA; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, Brazil; King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children’s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. F. Minoia, MD; S. Davì, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Horne, MD, Karolinska University Hospital Solna; F. Bovis, BiolD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; E. Demirkaya, MD, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty; J. Akikusa, MD, Royal Children’s Hospital; N.A. Ayaz, MD, Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital; S.M. Al-Mayouf, MD, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; P. Barone, MD, Policlinico Università di Catania; B. Bica, MD, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho; I. Bolt, MD, Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital; L. Breda, MD, Ospedale Policlinico; C. De Cunto, MD, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; S. Enciso, MD, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; R. Gallizzi, MD, University of Messina; T. Griffin, MD, Carolinas HealthCare System; T. Hennon, MD, Women and Children’s Hospital; G. Horneff, MD, Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie; M. Jeng, MD, Stanford School of Medicine; A.M. Kapovic, MD, Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb; J.M. Lipton, MD, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York; S. Magni Manzoni, MD, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, MD, PhD, University of Latvia; C.S. Magalhaes, MD, Hospital das Clínicas; W.M. Sewairi, MD, King Fahad National Guard Hospital; K.C. Stine, MD, Arkansas Children’s Hospital; O. Vougiouka, MD, Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens; L.K. Weaver, MD, PhD, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Z. Davidsone, MD, Children’s University Hospital; J. De Inocencio, MD, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; M. Ioseliani, MD, M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic; B. Lattanzi, MD, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti; H. Tezer, MD, Gazi University; A. Buoncompagni, MD; P. Picco, MD; N. Ruperto MD, MPH, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Martini, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; A. Ravelli, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova. Address correspondence to Dr. A. Ravelli, Pediatria II, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy. E-mail: angeloravelli@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it. Accepted for publication February 11, 2015.
Teresa Hennon
From the Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Policlinico Università di Catania, Catania, Italy; Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland; Ospedale Policlinico, Chieti, Italy; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico; University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; Women and Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA; Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York, New York, New York, USA; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, Brazil; King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children’s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. F. Minoia, MD; S. Davì, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Horne, MD, Karolinska University Hospital Solna; F. Bovis, BiolD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; E. Demirkaya, MD, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty; J. Akikusa, MD, Royal Children’s Hospital; N.A. Ayaz, MD, Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital; S.M. Al-Mayouf, MD, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; P. Barone, MD, Policlinico Università di Catania; B. Bica, MD, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho; I. Bolt, MD, Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital; L. Breda, MD, Ospedale Policlinico; C. De Cunto, MD, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; S. Enciso, MD, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; R. Gallizzi, MD, University of Messina; T. Griffin, MD, Carolinas HealthCare System; T. Hennon, MD, Women and Children’s Hospital; G. Horneff, MD, Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie; M. Jeng, MD, Stanford School of Medicine; A.M. Kapovic, MD, Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb; J.M. Lipton, MD, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York; S. Magni Manzoni, MD, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, MD, PhD, University of Latvia; C.S. Magalhaes, MD, Hospital das Clínicas; W.M. Sewairi, MD, King Fahad National Guard Hospital; K.C. Stine, MD, Arkansas Children’s Hospital; O. Vougiouka, MD, Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens; L.K. Weaver, MD, PhD, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Z. Davidsone, MD, Children’s University Hospital; J. De Inocencio, MD, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; M. Ioseliani, MD, M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic; B. Lattanzi, MD, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti; H. Tezer, MD, Gazi University; A. Buoncompagni, MD; P. Picco, MD; N. Ruperto MD, MPH, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Martini, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; A. Ravelli, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova. Address correspondence to Dr. A. Ravelli, Pediatria II, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy. E-mail: angeloravelli@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it. Accepted for publication February 11, 2015.
Gerd Horneff
From the Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Policlinico Università di Catania, Catania, Italy; Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland; Ospedale Policlinico, Chieti, Italy; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico; University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; Women and Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA; Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York, New York, New York, USA; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, Brazil; King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children’s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. F. Minoia, MD; S. Davì, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Horne, MD, Karolinska University Hospital Solna; F. Bovis, BiolD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; E. Demirkaya, MD, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty; J. Akikusa, MD, Royal Children’s Hospital; N.A. Ayaz, MD, Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital; S.M. Al-Mayouf, MD, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; P. Barone, MD, Policlinico Università di Catania; B. Bica, MD, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho; I. Bolt, MD, Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital; L. Breda, MD, Ospedale Policlinico; C. De Cunto, MD, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; S. Enciso, MD, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; R. Gallizzi, MD, University of Messina; T. Griffin, MD, Carolinas HealthCare System; T. Hennon, MD, Women and Children’s Hospital; G. Horneff, MD, Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie; M. Jeng, MD, Stanford School of Medicine; A.M. Kapovic, MD, Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb; J.M. Lipton, MD, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York; S. Magni Manzoni, MD, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, MD, PhD, University of Latvia; C.S. Magalhaes, MD, Hospital das Clínicas; W.M. Sewairi, MD, King Fahad National Guard Hospital; K.C. Stine, MD, Arkansas Children’s Hospital; O. Vougiouka, MD, Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens; L.K. Weaver, MD, PhD, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Z. Davidsone, MD, Children’s University Hospital; J. De Inocencio, MD, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; M. Ioseliani, MD, M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic; B. Lattanzi, MD, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti; H. Tezer, MD, Gazi University; A. Buoncompagni, MD; P. Picco, MD; N. Ruperto MD, MPH, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Martini, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; A. Ravelli, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova. Address correspondence to Dr. A. Ravelli, Pediatria II, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy. E-mail: angeloravelli@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it. Accepted for publication February 11, 2015.
Michael Jeng
From the Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Policlinico Università di Catania, Catania, Italy; Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland; Ospedale Policlinico, Chieti, Italy; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico; University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; Women and Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA; Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York, New York, New York, USA; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, Brazil; King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children’s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. F. Minoia, MD; S. Davì, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Horne, MD, Karolinska University Hospital Solna; F. Bovis, BiolD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; E. Demirkaya, MD, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty; J. Akikusa, MD, Royal Children’s Hospital; N.A. Ayaz, MD, Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital; S.M. Al-Mayouf, MD, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; P. Barone, MD, Policlinico Università di Catania; B. Bica, MD, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho; I. Bolt, MD, Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital; L. Breda, MD, Ospedale Policlinico; C. De Cunto, MD, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; S. Enciso, MD, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; R. Gallizzi, MD, University of Messina; T. Griffin, MD, Carolinas HealthCare System; T. Hennon, MD, Women and Children’s Hospital; G. Horneff, MD, Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie; M. Jeng, MD, Stanford School of Medicine; A.M. Kapovic, MD, Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb; J.M. Lipton, MD, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York; S. Magni Manzoni, MD, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, MD, PhD, University of Latvia; C.S. Magalhaes, MD, Hospital das Clínicas; W.M. Sewairi, MD, King Fahad National Guard Hospital; K.C. Stine, MD, Arkansas Children’s Hospital; O. Vougiouka, MD, Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens; L.K. Weaver, MD, PhD, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Z. Davidsone, MD, Children’s University Hospital; J. De Inocencio, MD, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; M. Ioseliani, MD, M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic; B. Lattanzi, MD, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti; H. Tezer, MD, Gazi University; A. Buoncompagni, MD; P. Picco, MD; N. Ruperto MD, MPH, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Martini, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; A. Ravelli, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova. Address correspondence to Dr. A. Ravelli, Pediatria II, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy. E-mail: angeloravelli@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it. Accepted for publication February 11, 2015.
Ageza M. Kapovic
From the Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Policlinico Università di Catania, Catania, Italy; Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland; Ospedale Policlinico, Chieti, Italy; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico; University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; Women and Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA; Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York, New York, New York, USA; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, Brazil; King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children’s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. F. Minoia, MD; S. Davì, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Horne, MD, Karolinska University Hospital Solna; F. Bovis, BiolD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; E. Demirkaya, MD, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty; J. Akikusa, MD, Royal Children’s Hospital; N.A. Ayaz, MD, Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital; S.M. Al-Mayouf, MD, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; P. Barone, MD, Policlinico Università di Catania; B. Bica, MD, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho; I. Bolt, MD, Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital; L. Breda, MD, Ospedale Policlinico; C. De Cunto, MD, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; S. Enciso, MD, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; R. Gallizzi, MD, University of Messina; T. Griffin, MD, Carolinas HealthCare System; T. Hennon, MD, Women and Children’s Hospital; G. Horneff, MD, Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie; M. Jeng, MD, Stanford School of Medicine; A.M. Kapovic, MD, Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb; J.M. Lipton, MD, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York; S. Magni Manzoni, MD, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, MD, PhD, University of Latvia; C.S. Magalhaes, MD, Hospital das Clínicas; W.M. Sewairi, MD, King Fahad National Guard Hospital; K.C. Stine, MD, Arkansas Children’s Hospital; O. Vougiouka, MD, Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens; L.K. Weaver, MD, PhD, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Z. Davidsone, MD, Children’s University Hospital; J. De Inocencio, MD, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; M. Ioseliani, MD, M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic; B. Lattanzi, MD, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti; H. Tezer, MD, Gazi University; A. Buoncompagni, MD; P. Picco, MD; N. Ruperto MD, MPH, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Martini, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; A. Ravelli, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova. Address correspondence to Dr. A. Ravelli, Pediatria II, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy. E-mail: angeloravelli@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it. Accepted for publication February 11, 2015.
Jeffrey M. Lipton
From the Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Policlinico Università di Catania, Catania, Italy; Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland; Ospedale Policlinico, Chieti, Italy; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico; University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; Women and Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA; Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York, New York, New York, USA; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, Brazil; King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children’s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. F. Minoia, MD; S. Davì, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Horne, MD, Karolinska University Hospital Solna; F. Bovis, BiolD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; E. Demirkaya, MD, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty; J. Akikusa, MD, Royal Children’s Hospital; N.A. Ayaz, MD, Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital; S.M. Al-Mayouf, MD, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; P. Barone, MD, Policlinico Università di Catania; B. Bica, MD, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho; I. Bolt, MD, Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital; L. Breda, MD, Ospedale Policlinico; C. De Cunto, MD, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; S. Enciso, MD, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; R. Gallizzi, MD, University of Messina; T. Griffin, MD, Carolinas HealthCare System; T. Hennon, MD, Women and Children’s Hospital; G. Horneff, MD, Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie; M. Jeng, MD, Stanford School of Medicine; A.M. Kapovic, MD, Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb; J.M. Lipton, MD, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York; S. Magni Manzoni, MD, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, MD, PhD, University of Latvia; C.S. Magalhaes, MD, Hospital das Clínicas; W.M. Sewairi, MD, King Fahad National Guard Hospital; K.C. Stine, MD, Arkansas Children’s Hospital; O. Vougiouka, MD, Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens; L.K. Weaver, MD, PhD, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Z. Davidsone, MD, Children’s University Hospital; J. De Inocencio, MD, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; M. Ioseliani, MD, M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic; B. Lattanzi, MD, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti; H. Tezer, MD, Gazi University; A. Buoncompagni, MD; P. Picco, MD; N. Ruperto MD, MPH, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Martini, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; A. Ravelli, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova. Address correspondence to Dr. A. Ravelli, Pediatria II, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy. E-mail: angeloravelli@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it. Accepted for publication February 11, 2015.
Silvia Magni Manzoni
From the Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Policlinico Università di Catania, Catania, Italy; Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland; Ospedale Policlinico, Chieti, Italy; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico; University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; Women and Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA; Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York, New York, New York, USA; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, Brazil; King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children’s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. F. Minoia, MD; S. Davì, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Horne, MD, Karolinska University Hospital Solna; F. Bovis, BiolD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; E. Demirkaya, MD, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty; J. Akikusa, MD, Royal Children’s Hospital; N.A. Ayaz, MD, Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital; S.M. Al-Mayouf, MD, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; P. Barone, MD, Policlinico Università di Catania; B. Bica, MD, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho; I. Bolt, MD, Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital; L. Breda, MD, Ospedale Policlinico; C. De Cunto, MD, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; S. Enciso, MD, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; R. Gallizzi, MD, University of Messina; T. Griffin, MD, Carolinas HealthCare System; T. Hennon, MD, Women and Children’s Hospital; G. Horneff, MD, Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie; M. Jeng, MD, Stanford School of Medicine; A.M. Kapovic, MD, Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb; J.M. Lipton, MD, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York; S. Magni Manzoni, MD, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, MD, PhD, University of Latvia; C.S. Magalhaes, MD, Hospital das Clínicas; W.M. Sewairi, MD, King Fahad National Guard Hospital; K.C. Stine, MD, Arkansas Children’s Hospital; O. Vougiouka, MD, Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens; L.K. Weaver, MD, PhD, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Z. Davidsone, MD, Children’s University Hospital; J. De Inocencio, MD, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; M. Ioseliani, MD, M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic; B. Lattanzi, MD, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti; H. Tezer, MD, Gazi University; A. Buoncompagni, MD; P. Picco, MD; N. Ruperto MD, MPH, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Martini, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; A. Ravelli, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova. Address correspondence to Dr. A. Ravelli, Pediatria II, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy. E-mail: angeloravelli@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it. Accepted for publication February 11, 2015.
Ingrida Rumba-Rozenfelde
From the Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Policlinico Università di Catania, Catania, Italy; Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland; Ospedale Policlinico, Chieti, Italy; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico; University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; Women and Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA; Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York, New York, New York, USA; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, Brazil; King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children’s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. F. Minoia, MD; S. Davì, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Horne, MD, Karolinska University Hospital Solna; F. Bovis, BiolD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; E. Demirkaya, MD, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty; J. Akikusa, MD, Royal Children’s Hospital; N.A. Ayaz, MD, Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital; S.M. Al-Mayouf, MD, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; P. Barone, MD, Policlinico Università di Catania; B. Bica, MD, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho; I. Bolt, MD, Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital; L. Breda, MD, Ospedale Policlinico; C. De Cunto, MD, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; S. Enciso, MD, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; R. Gallizzi, MD, University of Messina; T. Griffin, MD, Carolinas HealthCare System; T. Hennon, MD, Women and Children’s Hospital; G. Horneff, MD, Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie; M. Jeng, MD, Stanford School of Medicine; A.M. Kapovic, MD, Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb; J.M. Lipton, MD, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York; S. Magni Manzoni, MD, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, MD, PhD, University of Latvia; C.S. Magalhaes, MD, Hospital das Clínicas; W.M. Sewairi, MD, King Fahad National Guard Hospital; K.C. Stine, MD, Arkansas Children’s Hospital; O. Vougiouka, MD, Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens; L.K. Weaver, MD, PhD, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Z. Davidsone, MD, Children’s University Hospital; J. De Inocencio, MD, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; M. Ioseliani, MD, M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic; B. Lattanzi, MD, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti; H. Tezer, MD, Gazi University; A. Buoncompagni, MD; P. Picco, MD; N. Ruperto MD, MPH, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Martini, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; A. Ravelli, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova. Address correspondence to Dr. A. Ravelli, Pediatria II, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy. E-mail: angeloravelli@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it. Accepted for publication February 11, 2015.
Claudia Saad Magalhaes
From the Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Policlinico Università di Catania, Catania, Italy; Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland; Ospedale Policlinico, Chieti, Italy; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico; University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; Women and Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA; Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York, New York, New York, USA; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, Brazil; King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children’s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. F. Minoia, MD; S. Davì, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Horne, MD, Karolinska University Hospital Solna; F. Bovis, BiolD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; E. Demirkaya, MD, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty; J. Akikusa, MD, Royal Children’s Hospital; N.A. Ayaz, MD, Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital; S.M. Al-Mayouf, MD, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; P. Barone, MD, Policlinico Università di Catania; B. Bica, MD, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho; I. Bolt, MD, Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital; L. Breda, MD, Ospedale Policlinico; C. De Cunto, MD, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; S. Enciso, MD, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; R. Gallizzi, MD, University of Messina; T. Griffin, MD, Carolinas HealthCare System; T. Hennon, MD, Women and Children’s Hospital; G. Horneff, MD, Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie; M. Jeng, MD, Stanford School of Medicine; A.M. Kapovic, MD, Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb; J.M. Lipton, MD, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York; S. Magni Manzoni, MD, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, MD, PhD, University of Latvia; C.S. Magalhaes, MD, Hospital das Clínicas; W.M. Sewairi, MD, King Fahad National Guard Hospital; K.C. Stine, MD, Arkansas Children’s Hospital; O. Vougiouka, MD, Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens; L.K. Weaver, MD, PhD, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Z. Davidsone, MD, Children’s University Hospital; J. De Inocencio, MD, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; M. Ioseliani, MD, M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic; B. Lattanzi, MD, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti; H. Tezer, MD, Gazi University; A. Buoncompagni, MD; P. Picco, MD; N. Ruperto MD, MPH, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Martini, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; A. Ravelli, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova. Address correspondence to Dr. A. Ravelli, Pediatria II, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy. E-mail: angeloravelli@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it. Accepted for publication February 11, 2015.
Wafaa M. Sewairi
From the Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Policlinico Università di Catania, Catania, Italy; Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland; Ospedale Policlinico, Chieti, Italy; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico; University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; Women and Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA; Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York, New York, New York, USA; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, Brazil; King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children’s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. F. Minoia, MD; S. Davì, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Horne, MD, Karolinska University Hospital Solna; F. Bovis, BiolD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; E. Demirkaya, MD, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty; J. Akikusa, MD, Royal Children’s Hospital; N.A. Ayaz, MD, Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital; S.M. Al-Mayouf, MD, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; P. Barone, MD, Policlinico Università di Catania; B. Bica, MD, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho; I. Bolt, MD, Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital; L. Breda, MD, Ospedale Policlinico; C. De Cunto, MD, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; S. Enciso, MD, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; R. Gallizzi, MD, University of Messina; T. Griffin, MD, Carolinas HealthCare System; T. Hennon, MD, Women and Children’s Hospital; G. Horneff, MD, Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie; M. Jeng, MD, Stanford School of Medicine; A.M. Kapovic, MD, Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb; J.M. Lipton, MD, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York; S. Magni Manzoni, MD, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, MD, PhD, University of Latvia; C.S. Magalhaes, MD, Hospital das Clínicas; W.M. Sewairi, MD, King Fahad National Guard Hospital; K.C. Stine, MD, Arkansas Children’s Hospital; O. Vougiouka, MD, Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens; L.K. Weaver, MD, PhD, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Z. Davidsone, MD, Children’s University Hospital; J. De Inocencio, MD, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; M. Ioseliani, MD, M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic; B. Lattanzi, MD, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti; H. Tezer, MD, Gazi University; A. Buoncompagni, MD; P. Picco, MD; N. Ruperto MD, MPH, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Martini, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; A. Ravelli, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova. Address correspondence to Dr. A. Ravelli, Pediatria II, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy. E-mail: angeloravelli@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it. Accepted for publication February 11, 2015.
Kimo C. Stine
From the Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Policlinico Università di Catania, Catania, Italy; Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland; Ospedale Policlinico, Chieti, Italy; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico; University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; Women and Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA; Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York, New York, New York, USA; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, Brazil; King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children’s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. F. Minoia, MD; S. Davì, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Horne, MD, Karolinska University Hospital Solna; F. Bovis, BiolD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; E. Demirkaya, MD, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty; J. Akikusa, MD, Royal Children’s Hospital; N.A. Ayaz, MD, Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital; S.M. Al-Mayouf, MD, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; P. Barone, MD, Policlinico Università di Catania; B. Bica, MD, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho; I. Bolt, MD, Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital; L. Breda, MD, Ospedale Policlinico; C. De Cunto, MD, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; S. Enciso, MD, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; R. Gallizzi, MD, University of Messina; T. Griffin, MD, Carolinas HealthCare System; T. Hennon, MD, Women and Children’s Hospital; G. Horneff, MD, Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie; M. Jeng, MD, Stanford School of Medicine; A.M. Kapovic, MD, Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb; J.M. Lipton, MD, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York; S. Magni Manzoni, MD, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, MD, PhD, University of Latvia; C.S. Magalhaes, MD, Hospital das Clínicas; W.M. Sewairi, MD, King Fahad National Guard Hospital; K.C. Stine, MD, Arkansas Children’s Hospital; O. Vougiouka, MD, Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens; L.K. Weaver, MD, PhD, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Z. Davidsone, MD, Children’s University Hospital; J. De Inocencio, MD, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; M. Ioseliani, MD, M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic; B. Lattanzi, MD, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti; H. Tezer, MD, Gazi University; A. Buoncompagni, MD; P. Picco, MD; N. Ruperto MD, MPH, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Martini, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; A. Ravelli, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova. Address correspondence to Dr. A. Ravelli, Pediatria II, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy. E-mail: angeloravelli@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it. Accepted for publication February 11, 2015.
Olga Vougiouka
From the Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Policlinico Università di Catania, Catania, Italy; Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland; Ospedale Policlinico, Chieti, Italy; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico; University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; Women and Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA; Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York, New York, New York, USA; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, Brazil; King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children’s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. F. Minoia, MD; S. Davì, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Horne, MD, Karolinska University Hospital Solna; F. Bovis, BiolD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; E. Demirkaya, MD, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty; J. Akikusa, MD, Royal Children’s Hospital; N.A. Ayaz, MD, Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital; S.M. Al-Mayouf, MD, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; P. Barone, MD, Policlinico Università di Catania; B. Bica, MD, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho; I. Bolt, MD, Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital; L. Breda, MD, Ospedale Policlinico; C. De Cunto, MD, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; S. Enciso, MD, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; R. Gallizzi, MD, University of Messina; T. Griffin, MD, Carolinas HealthCare System; T. Hennon, MD, Women and Children’s Hospital; G. Horneff, MD, Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie; M. Jeng, MD, Stanford School of Medicine; A.M. Kapovic, MD, Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb; J.M. Lipton, MD, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York; S. Magni Manzoni, MD, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, MD, PhD, University of Latvia; C.S. Magalhaes, MD, Hospital das Clínicas; W.M. Sewairi, MD, King Fahad National Guard Hospital; K.C. Stine, MD, Arkansas Children’s Hospital; O. Vougiouka, MD, Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens; L.K. Weaver, MD, PhD, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Z. Davidsone, MD, Children’s University Hospital; J. De Inocencio, MD, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; M. Ioseliani, MD, M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic; B. Lattanzi, MD, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti; H. Tezer, MD, Gazi University; A. Buoncompagni, MD; P. Picco, MD; N. Ruperto MD, MPH, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Martini, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; A. Ravelli, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova. Address correspondence to Dr. A. Ravelli, Pediatria II, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy. E-mail: angeloravelli@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it. Accepted for publication February 11, 2015.
Lehn K. Weaver
From the Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Policlinico Università di Catania, Catania, Italy; Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland; Ospedale Policlinico, Chieti, Italy; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico; University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; Women and Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA; Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York, New York, New York, USA; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, Brazil; King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children’s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. F. Minoia, MD; S. Davì, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Horne, MD, Karolinska University Hospital Solna; F. Bovis, BiolD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; E. Demirkaya, MD, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty; J. Akikusa, MD, Royal Children’s Hospital; N.A. Ayaz, MD, Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital; S.M. Al-Mayouf, MD, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; P. Barone, MD, Policlinico Università di Catania; B. Bica, MD, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho; I. Bolt, MD, Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital; L. Breda, MD, Ospedale Policlinico; C. De Cunto, MD, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; S. Enciso, MD, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; R. Gallizzi, MD, University of Messina; T. Griffin, MD, Carolinas HealthCare System; T. Hennon, MD, Women and Children’s Hospital; G. Horneff, MD, Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie; M. Jeng, MD, Stanford School of Medicine; A.M. Kapovic, MD, Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb; J.M. Lipton, MD, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York; S. Magni Manzoni, MD, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, MD, PhD, University of Latvia; C.S. Magalhaes, MD, Hospital das Clínicas; W.M. Sewairi, MD, King Fahad National Guard Hospital; K.C. Stine, MD, Arkansas Children’s Hospital; O. Vougiouka, MD, Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens; L.K. Weaver, MD, PhD, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Z. Davidsone, MD, Children’s University Hospital; J. De Inocencio, MD, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; M. Ioseliani, MD, M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic; B. Lattanzi, MD, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti; H. Tezer, MD, Gazi University; A. Buoncompagni, MD; P. Picco, MD; N. Ruperto MD, MPH, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Martini, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; A. Ravelli, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova. Address correspondence to Dr. A. Ravelli, Pediatria II, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy. E-mail: angeloravelli@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it. Accepted for publication February 11, 2015.
Zane Davidsone
From the Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Policlinico Università di Catania, Catania, Italy; Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland; Ospedale Policlinico, Chieti, Italy; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico; University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; Women and Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA; Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York, New York, New York, USA; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, Brazil; King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children’s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. F. Minoia, MD; S. Davì, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Horne, MD, Karolinska University Hospital Solna; F. Bovis, BiolD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; E. Demirkaya, MD, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty; J. Akikusa, MD, Royal Children’s Hospital; N.A. Ayaz, MD, Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital; S.M. Al-Mayouf, MD, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; P. Barone, MD, Policlinico Università di Catania; B. Bica, MD, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho; I. Bolt, MD, Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital; L. Breda, MD, Ospedale Policlinico; C. De Cunto, MD, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; S. Enciso, MD, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; R. Gallizzi, MD, University of Messina; T. Griffin, MD, Carolinas HealthCare System; T. Hennon, MD, Women and Children’s Hospital; G. Horneff, MD, Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie; M. Jeng, MD, Stanford School of Medicine; A.M. Kapovic, MD, Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb; J.M. Lipton, MD, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York; S. Magni Manzoni, MD, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, MD, PhD, University of Latvia; C.S. Magalhaes, MD, Hospital das Clínicas; W.M. Sewairi, MD, King Fahad National Guard Hospital; K.C. Stine, MD, Arkansas Children’s Hospital; O. Vougiouka, MD, Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens; L.K. Weaver, MD, PhD, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Z. Davidsone, MD, Children’s University Hospital; J. De Inocencio, MD, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; M. Ioseliani, MD, M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic; B. Lattanzi, MD, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti; H. Tezer, MD, Gazi University; A. Buoncompagni, MD; P. Picco, MD; N. Ruperto MD, MPH, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Martini, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; A. Ravelli, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova. Address correspondence to Dr. A. Ravelli, Pediatria II, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy. E-mail: angeloravelli@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it. Accepted for publication February 11, 2015.
Jaime De Inocencio
From the Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Policlinico Università di Catania, Catania, Italy; Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland; Ospedale Policlinico, Chieti, Italy; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico; University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; Women and Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA; Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York, New York, New York, USA; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, Brazil; King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children’s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. F. Minoia, MD; S. Davì, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Horne, MD, Karolinska University Hospital Solna; F. Bovis, BiolD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; E. Demirkaya, MD, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty; J. Akikusa, MD, Royal Children’s Hospital; N.A. Ayaz, MD, Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital; S.M. Al-Mayouf, MD, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; P. Barone, MD, Policlinico Università di Catania; B. Bica, MD, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho; I. Bolt, MD, Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital; L. Breda, MD, Ospedale Policlinico; C. De Cunto, MD, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; S. Enciso, MD, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; R. Gallizzi, MD, University of Messina; T. Griffin, MD, Carolinas HealthCare System; T. Hennon, MD, Women and Children’s Hospital; G. Horneff, MD, Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie; M. Jeng, MD, Stanford School of Medicine; A.M. Kapovic, MD, Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb; J.M. Lipton, MD, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York; S. Magni Manzoni, MD, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, MD, PhD, University of Latvia; C.S. Magalhaes, MD, Hospital das Clínicas; W.M. Sewairi, MD, King Fahad National Guard Hospital; K.C. Stine, MD, Arkansas Children’s Hospital; O. Vougiouka, MD, Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens; L.K. Weaver, MD, PhD, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Z. Davidsone, MD, Children’s University Hospital; J. De Inocencio, MD, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; M. Ioseliani, MD, M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic; B. Lattanzi, MD, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti; H. Tezer, MD, Gazi University; A. Buoncompagni, MD; P. Picco, MD; N. Ruperto MD, MPH, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Martini, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; A. Ravelli, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova. Address correspondence to Dr. A. Ravelli, Pediatria II, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy. E-mail: angeloravelli@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it. Accepted for publication February 11, 2015.
Maka Ioseliani
From the Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Policlinico Università di Catania, Catania, Italy; Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland; Ospedale Policlinico, Chieti, Italy; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico; University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; Women and Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA; Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York, New York, New York, USA; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, Brazil; King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children’s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. F. Minoia, MD; S. Davì, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Horne, MD, Karolinska University Hospital Solna; F. Bovis, BiolD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; E. Demirkaya, MD, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty; J. Akikusa, MD, Royal Children’s Hospital; N.A. Ayaz, MD, Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital; S.M. Al-Mayouf, MD, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; P. Barone, MD, Policlinico Università di Catania; B. Bica, MD, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho; I. Bolt, MD, Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital; L. Breda, MD, Ospedale Policlinico; C. De Cunto, MD, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; S. Enciso, MD, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; R. Gallizzi, MD, University of Messina; T. Griffin, MD, Carolinas HealthCare System; T. Hennon, MD, Women and Children’s Hospital; G. Horneff, MD, Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie; M. Jeng, MD, Stanford School of Medicine; A.M. Kapovic, MD, Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb; J.M. Lipton, MD, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York; S. Magni Manzoni, MD, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, MD, PhD, University of Latvia; C.S. Magalhaes, MD, Hospital das Clínicas; W.M. Sewairi, MD, King Fahad National Guard Hospital; K.C. Stine, MD, Arkansas Children’s Hospital; O. Vougiouka, MD, Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens; L.K. Weaver, MD, PhD, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Z. Davidsone, MD, Children’s University Hospital; J. De Inocencio, MD, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; M. Ioseliani, MD, M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic; B. Lattanzi, MD, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti; H. Tezer, MD, Gazi University; A. Buoncompagni, MD; P. Picco, MD; N. Ruperto MD, MPH, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Martini, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; A. Ravelli, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova. Address correspondence to Dr. A. Ravelli, Pediatria II, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy. E-mail: angeloravelli@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it. Accepted for publication February 11, 2015.
Bianca Lattanzi
From the Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Policlinico Università di Catania, Catania, Italy; Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland; Ospedale Policlinico, Chieti, Italy; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico; University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; Women and Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA; Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York, New York, New York, USA; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, Brazil; King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children’s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. F. Minoia, MD; S. Davì, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Horne, MD, Karolinska University Hospital Solna; F. Bovis, BiolD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; E. Demirkaya, MD, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty; J. Akikusa, MD, Royal Children’s Hospital; N.A. Ayaz, MD, Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital; S.M. Al-Mayouf, MD, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; P. Barone, MD, Policlinico Università di Catania; B. Bica, MD, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho; I. Bolt, MD, Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital; L. Breda, MD, Ospedale Policlinico; C. De Cunto, MD, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; S. Enciso, MD, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; R. Gallizzi, MD, University of Messina; T. Griffin, MD, Carolinas HealthCare System; T. Hennon, MD, Women and Children’s Hospital; G. Horneff, MD, Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie; M. Jeng, MD, Stanford School of Medicine; A.M. Kapovic, MD, Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb; J.M. Lipton, MD, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York; S. Magni Manzoni, MD, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, MD, PhD, University of Latvia; C.S. Magalhaes, MD, Hospital das Clínicas; W.M. Sewairi, MD, King Fahad National Guard Hospital; K.C. Stine, MD, Arkansas Children’s Hospital; O. Vougiouka, MD, Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens; L.K. Weaver, MD, PhD, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Z. Davidsone, MD, Children’s University Hospital; J. De Inocencio, MD, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; M. Ioseliani, MD, M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic; B. Lattanzi, MD, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti; H. Tezer, MD, Gazi University; A. Buoncompagni, MD; P. Picco, MD; N. Ruperto MD, MPH, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Martini, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; A. Ravelli, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova. Address correspondence to Dr. A. Ravelli, Pediatria II, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy. E-mail: angeloravelli@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it. Accepted for publication February 11, 2015.
Hasan Tezer
From the Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Policlinico Università di Catania, Catania, Italy; Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland; Ospedale Policlinico, Chieti, Italy; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico; University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; Women and Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA; Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York, New York, New York, USA; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, Brazil; King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children’s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. F. Minoia, MD; S. Davì, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Horne, MD, Karolinska University Hospital Solna; F. Bovis, BiolD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; E. Demirkaya, MD, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty; J. Akikusa, MD, Royal Children’s Hospital; N.A. Ayaz, MD, Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital; S.M. Al-Mayouf, MD, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; P. Barone, MD, Policlinico Università di Catania; B. Bica, MD, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho; I. Bolt, MD, Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital; L. Breda, MD, Ospedale Policlinico; C. De Cunto, MD, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; S. Enciso, MD, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; R. Gallizzi, MD, University of Messina; T. Griffin, MD, Carolinas HealthCare System; T. Hennon, MD, Women and Children’s Hospital; G. Horneff, MD, Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie; M. Jeng, MD, Stanford School of Medicine; A.M. Kapovic, MD, Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb; J.M. Lipton, MD, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York; S. Magni Manzoni, MD, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, MD, PhD, University of Latvia; C.S. Magalhaes, MD, Hospital das Clínicas; W.M. Sewairi, MD, King Fahad National Guard Hospital; K.C. Stine, MD, Arkansas Children’s Hospital; O. Vougiouka, MD, Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens; L.K. Weaver, MD, PhD, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Z. Davidsone, MD, Children’s University Hospital; J. De Inocencio, MD, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; M. Ioseliani, MD, M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic; B. Lattanzi, MD, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti; H. Tezer, MD, Gazi University; A. Buoncompagni, MD; P. Picco, MD; N. Ruperto MD, MPH, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Martini, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; A. Ravelli, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova. Address correspondence to Dr. A. Ravelli, Pediatria II, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy. E-mail: angeloravelli@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it. Accepted for publication February 11, 2015.
Antonella Buoncompagni
From the Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Policlinico Università di Catania, Catania, Italy; Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland; Ospedale Policlinico, Chieti, Italy; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico; University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; Women and Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA; Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York, New York, New York, USA; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, Brazil; King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children’s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. F. Minoia, MD; S. Davì, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Horne, MD, Karolinska University Hospital Solna; F. Bovis, BiolD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; E. Demirkaya, MD, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty; J. Akikusa, MD, Royal Children’s Hospital; N.A. Ayaz, MD, Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital; S.M. Al-Mayouf, MD, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; P. Barone, MD, Policlinico Università di Catania; B. Bica, MD, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho; I. Bolt, MD, Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital; L. Breda, MD, Ospedale Policlinico; C. De Cunto, MD, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; S. Enciso, MD, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; R. Gallizzi, MD, University of Messina; T. Griffin, MD, Carolinas HealthCare System; T. Hennon, MD, Women and Children’s Hospital; G. Horneff, MD, Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie; M. Jeng, MD, Stanford School of Medicine; A.M. Kapovic, MD, Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb; J.M. Lipton, MD, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York; S. Magni Manzoni, MD, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, MD, PhD, University of Latvia; C.S. Magalhaes, MD, Hospital das Clínicas; W.M. Sewairi, MD, King Fahad National Guard Hospital; K.C. Stine, MD, Arkansas Children’s Hospital; O. Vougiouka, MD, Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens; L.K. Weaver, MD, PhD, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Z. Davidsone, MD, Children’s University Hospital; J. De Inocencio, MD, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; M. Ioseliani, MD, M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic; B. Lattanzi, MD, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti; H. Tezer, MD, Gazi University; A. Buoncompagni, MD; P. Picco, MD; N. Ruperto MD, MPH, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Martini, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; A. Ravelli, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova. Address correspondence to Dr. A. Ravelli, Pediatria II, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy. E-mail: angeloravelli@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it. Accepted for publication February 11, 2015.
Paolo Picco
From the Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Policlinico Università di Catania, Catania, Italy; Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland; Ospedale Policlinico, Chieti, Italy; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico; University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; Women and Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA; Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York, New York, New York, USA; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, Brazil; King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children’s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. F. Minoia, MD; S. Davì, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Horne, MD, Karolinska University Hospital Solna; F. Bovis, BiolD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; E. Demirkaya, MD, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty; J. Akikusa, MD, Royal Children’s Hospital; N.A. Ayaz, MD, Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital; S.M. Al-Mayouf, MD, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; P. Barone, MD, Policlinico Università di Catania; B. Bica, MD, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho; I. Bolt, MD, Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital; L. Breda, MD, Ospedale Policlinico; C. De Cunto, MD, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; S. Enciso, MD, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; R. Gallizzi, MD, University of Messina; T. Griffin, MD, Carolinas HealthCare System; T. Hennon, MD, Women and Children’s Hospital; G. Horneff, MD, Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie; M. Jeng, MD, Stanford School of Medicine; A.M. Kapovic, MD, Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb; J.M. Lipton, MD, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York; S. Magni Manzoni, MD, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, MD, PhD, University of Latvia; C.S. Magalhaes, MD, Hospital das Clínicas; W.M. Sewairi, MD, King Fahad National Guard Hospital; K.C. Stine, MD, Arkansas Children’s Hospital; O. Vougiouka, MD, Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens; L.K. Weaver, MD, PhD, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Z. Davidsone, MD, Children’s University Hospital; J. De Inocencio, MD, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; M. Ioseliani, MD, M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic; B. Lattanzi, MD, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti; H. Tezer, MD, Gazi University; A. Buoncompagni, MD; P. Picco, MD; N. Ruperto MD, MPH, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Martini, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; A. Ravelli, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova. Address correspondence to Dr. A. Ravelli, Pediatria II, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy. E-mail: angeloravelli@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it. Accepted for publication February 11, 2015.
Nicolino Ruperto
From the Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Policlinico Università di Catania, Catania, Italy; Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland; Ospedale Policlinico, Chieti, Italy; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico; University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; Women and Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA; Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York, New York, New York, USA; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, Brazil; King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children’s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. F. Minoia, MD; S. Davì, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Horne, MD, Karolinska University Hospital Solna; F. Bovis, BiolD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; E. Demirkaya, MD, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty; J. Akikusa, MD, Royal Children’s Hospital; N.A. Ayaz, MD, Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital; S.M. Al-Mayouf, MD, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; P. Barone, MD, Policlinico Università di Catania; B. Bica, MD, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho; I. Bolt, MD, Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital; L. Breda, MD, Ospedale Policlinico; C. De Cunto, MD, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; S. Enciso, MD, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; R. Gallizzi, MD, University of Messina; T. Griffin, MD, Carolinas HealthCare System; T. Hennon, MD, Women and Children’s Hospital; G. Horneff, MD, Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie; M. Jeng, MD, Stanford School of Medicine; A.M. Kapovic, MD, Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb; J.M. Lipton, MD, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York; S. Magni Manzoni, MD, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, MD, PhD, University of Latvia; C.S. Magalhaes, MD, Hospital das Clínicas; W.M. Sewairi, MD, King Fahad National Guard Hospital; K.C. Stine, MD, Arkansas Children’s Hospital; O. Vougiouka, MD, Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens; L.K. Weaver, MD, PhD, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Z. Davidsone, MD, Children’s University Hospital; J. De Inocencio, MD, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; M. Ioseliani, MD, M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic; B. Lattanzi, MD, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti; H. Tezer, MD, Gazi University; A. Buoncompagni, MD; P. Picco, MD; N. Ruperto MD, MPH, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Martini, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; A. Ravelli, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova. Address correspondence to Dr. A. Ravelli, Pediatria II, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy. E-mail: angeloravelli@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it. Accepted for publication February 11, 2015.
Alberto Martini
From the Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Policlinico Università di Catania, Catania, Italy; Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland; Ospedale Policlinico, Chieti, Italy; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico; University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; Women and Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA; Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York, New York, New York, USA; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, Brazil; King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children’s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. F. Minoia, MD; S. Davì, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Horne, MD, Karolinska University Hospital Solna; F. Bovis, BiolD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; E. Demirkaya, MD, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty; J. Akikusa, MD, Royal Children’s Hospital; N.A. Ayaz, MD, Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital; S.M. Al-Mayouf, MD, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; P. Barone, MD, Policlinico Università di Catania; B. Bica, MD, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho; I. Bolt, MD, Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital; L. Breda, MD, Ospedale Policlinico; C. De Cunto, MD, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; S. Enciso, MD, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; R. Gallizzi, MD, University of Messina; T. Griffin, MD, Carolinas HealthCare System; T. Hennon, MD, Women and Children’s Hospital; G. Horneff, MD, Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie; M. Jeng, MD, Stanford School of Medicine; A.M. Kapovic, MD, Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb; J.M. Lipton, MD, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York; S. Magni Manzoni, MD, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, MD, PhD, University of Latvia; C.S. Magalhaes, MD, Hospital das Clínicas; W.M. Sewairi, MD, King Fahad National Guard Hospital; K.C. Stine, MD, Arkansas Children’s Hospital; O. Vougiouka, MD, Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens; L.K. Weaver, MD, PhD, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Z. Davidsone, MD, Children’s University Hospital; J. De Inocencio, MD, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; M. Ioseliani, MD, M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic; B. Lattanzi, MD, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti; H. Tezer, MD, Gazi University; A. Buoncompagni, MD; P. Picco, MD; N. Ruperto MD, MPH, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Martini, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; A. Ravelli, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova. Address correspondence to Dr. A. Ravelli, Pediatria II, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy. E-mail: angeloravelli@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it. Accepted for publication February 11, 2015.
Randy Q. Cron
From the Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Policlinico Università di Catania, Catania, Italy; Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland; Ospedale Policlinico, Chieti, Italy; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico; University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; Women and Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA; Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York, New York, New York, USA; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, Brazil; King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children’s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. F. Minoia, MD; S. Davì, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Horne, MD, Karolinska University Hospital Solna; F. Bovis, BiolD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; E. Demirkaya, MD, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty; J. Akikusa, MD, Royal Children’s Hospital; N.A. Ayaz, MD, Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital; S.M. Al-Mayouf, MD, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; P. Barone, MD, Policlinico Università di Catania; B. Bica, MD, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho; I. Bolt, MD, Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital; L. Breda, MD, Ospedale Policlinico; C. De Cunto, MD, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; S. Enciso, MD, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; R. Gallizzi, MD, University of Messina; T. Griffin, MD, Carolinas HealthCare System; T. Hennon, MD, Women and Children’s Hospital; G. Horneff, MD, Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie; M. Jeng, MD, Stanford School of Medicine; A.M. Kapovic, MD, Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb; J.M. Lipton, MD, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York; S. Magni Manzoni, MD, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, MD, PhD, University of Latvia; C.S. Magalhaes, MD, Hospital das Clínicas; W.M. Sewairi, MD, King Fahad National Guard Hospital; K.C. Stine, MD, Arkansas Children’s Hospital; O. Vougiouka, MD, Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens; L.K. Weaver, MD, PhD, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Z. Davidsone, MD, Children’s University Hospital; J. De Inocencio, MD, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; M. Ioseliani, MD, M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic; B. Lattanzi, MD, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti; H. Tezer, MD, Gazi University; A. Buoncompagni, MD; P. Picco, MD; N. Ruperto MD, MPH, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Martini, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; A. Ravelli, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova. Address correspondence to Dr. A. Ravelli, Pediatria II, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy. E-mail: angeloravelli@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it. Accepted for publication February 11, 2015.
Angelo Ravelli
From the Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Policlinico Università di Catania, Catania, Italy; Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland; Ospedale Policlinico, Chieti, Italy; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico; University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; Women and Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA; Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York, New York, New York, USA; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, Brazil; King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children’s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. F. Minoia, MD; S. Davì, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Horne, MD, Karolinska University Hospital Solna; F. Bovis, BiolD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; E. Demirkaya, MD, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty; J. Akikusa, MD, Royal Children’s Hospital; N.A. Ayaz, MD, Bakırkoy Maternity and Children Education and Research Hospital; S.M. Al-Mayouf, MD, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; P. Barone, MD, Policlinico Università di Catania; B. Bica, MD, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho; I. Bolt, MD, Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital; L. Breda, MD, Ospedale Policlinico; C. De Cunto, MD, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; S. Enciso, MD, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; R. Gallizzi, MD, University of Messina; T. Griffin, MD, Carolinas HealthCare System; T. Hennon, MD, Women and Children’s Hospital; G. Horneff, MD, Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Paediatrie und Neonatologie; M. Jeng, MD, Stanford School of Medicine; A.M. Kapovic, MD, Department for Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Zagreb; J.M. Lipton, MD, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Hospital of New York; S. Magni Manzoni, MD, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, MD, PhD, University of Latvia; C.S. Magalhaes, MD, Hospital das Clínicas; W.M. Sewairi, MD, King Fahad National Guard Hospital; K.C. Stine, MD, Arkansas Children’s Hospital; O. Vougiouka, MD, Kyriakou Children’s Hospital of Athens; L.K. Weaver, MD, PhD, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Z. Davidsone, MD, Children’s University Hospital; J. De Inocencio, MD, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; M. Ioseliani, MD, M. Iashvili Children’s Central Clinic; B. Lattanzi, MD, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti; H. Tezer, MD, Gazi University; A. Buoncompagni, MD; P. Picco, MD; N. Ruperto MD, MPH, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; A. Martini, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova; R.Q. Cron, MD, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham; A. Ravelli, MD, Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova. Address correspondence to Dr. A. Ravelli, Pediatria II, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy. E-mail: angeloravelli@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it. Accepted for publication February 11, 2015.
In this issue
The Journal of Rheumatology
Vol. 51, Issue 4
1 Apr 2024
Dissecting the Heterogeneity of Macrophage Activation Syndrome Complicating Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Francesca Minoia, Sergio Davì, AnnaCarin Horne, Francesca Bovis, Erkan Demirkaya, Jonathan Akikusa, Nuray A. Ayaz, Sulaiman M. Al-Mayouf, Patrizia Barone, Bianca Bica, Isabel Bolt, Luciana Breda, Carmen De Cunto, Sandra Enciso, Romina Gallizzi, Thomas Griffin, Teresa Hennon, Gerd Horneff, Michael Jeng, Ageza M. Kapovic, Jeffrey M. Lipton, Silvia Magni Manzoni, Ingrida Rumba-Rozenfelde, Claudia Saad Magalhaes, Wafaa M. Sewairi, Kimo C. Stine, Olga Vougiouka, Lehn K. Weaver, Zane Davidsone, Jaime De Inocencio, Maka Ioseliani, Bianca Lattanzi, Hasan Tezer, Antonella Buoncompagni, Paolo Picco, Nicolino Ruperto, Alberto Martini, Randy Q. Cron, Angelo Ravelli
The Journal of Rheumatology Apr 2015, jrheum.141261; DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.141261
Dissecting the Heterogeneity of Macrophage Activation Syndrome Complicating Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Francesca Minoia, Sergio Davì, AnnaCarin Horne, Francesca Bovis, Erkan Demirkaya, Jonathan Akikusa, Nuray A. Ayaz, Sulaiman M. Al-Mayouf, Patrizia Barone, Bianca Bica, Isabel Bolt, Luciana Breda, Carmen De Cunto, Sandra Enciso, Romina Gallizzi, Thomas Griffin, Teresa Hennon, Gerd Horneff, Michael Jeng, Ageza M. Kapovic, Jeffrey M. Lipton, Silvia Magni Manzoni, Ingrida Rumba-Rozenfelde, Claudia Saad Magalhaes, Wafaa M. Sewairi, Kimo C. Stine, Olga Vougiouka, Lehn K. Weaver, Zane Davidsone, Jaime De Inocencio, Maka Ioseliani, Bianca Lattanzi, Hasan Tezer, Antonella Buoncompagni, Paolo Picco, Nicolino Ruperto, Alberto Martini, Randy Q. Cron, Angelo Ravelli
The Journal of Rheumatology Apr 2015, jrheum.141261; DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.141261